104 WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION

States, we have not seen one which placed the estimated number now here at
lower than 2,000,000, which would give us a net gain of about 150,000 per year
since 1920, and if we cut that estimate to one-half, placing the present number
at 1,000,000, which; in our judgment, is below the actual number, we will show
afnet annual gain of 51,358 foreign-born Mexicans during the decade ending
with the census of 1930, The number is probably larger than that, but it may
be expected that the transient character of rauch of this population will help
other causes to prevent a full enumeration and showing of this population in
1930. But no device or circumstances will hide all the truth. A large increase
of this part of our alien population will be shown by the next census a
The foregoing relates wholly to the foreign-born Mexicans. In dealing with
the distribution, local increases, and character of this population and the effect
it is producing, it has been impossible to keep the native born and immigrant
Mexicans entirely separate, though most of the problems dealt with in the following
 pages are created by the immigrant alien Mexicans.
During the latter half of 1929, we, as members of the House Committee on
[Immigration and Naturalization, made a survey of Mexican immigration for the
purpose of learning and making known the salient facts pertaining to it. Even
prior to that, one of the authors of this report, Mr. Jenkins, visited the border
country to study these problems. His observations together with his previous
and subsequent studies left him no doubt as to the gravity of the situation being
created by this Mexican infiltration. The other joint author of this report, Mr.
Box, lives in a border State. and has spent much time in south and southwest
Texas and the border country observing the Mexican population and the conditions
 created by it. During the present year the latter did very much of this
work, visiting all of the larger cities and many sections of the Stutes of Texas,
Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico, and touching Mexico itself.
These trips were not made with any official show and were not attended by receptions,
 banquets, and other distractions usually provided for congressional
committees and other officials on such missions. but to study this problem ag it
exists among the people.
As a part of this survey, we requested Dr. Roy L. Garis, professor of economics
at Vanderbilt University, one of the most learned and able students of the immigration
 problem, to make a special investigation of the subject and report upon it.
Doctor Garis’s report will be submitted for printing and will be found to contain
much pointed and valuable matter bearing on the issues herein discussed and
upon the whole problem. The special attention of the committee and of studente
of this question Is ealled to Doctor Garis’s report.
Another part of our investigation took the form of requests for reports sent to
many people of various classes and callings, with blanks and return postage
provided, calling for information on the salient features of this question, including
of course, the phases of the problem which this statement will atternpt to summarize.

The reports which have been received to date came from the following classes
of persons and organizations, in approximately the following numbers and
proportions:
Retail merchants and business BUNTY co a ci 750555. me ome 101
Farm organization officials, such as secretaries of farm bureaus, granges, and
individual farmers... _.________________________ ETE 212
Superintendents of schools, school officials and persons specially interested
in education... _________._____________ ___ oT 560
Health officers and persons and organizations interested in public health._ 338
Persons connected with labor organizations or specially interested in the
condition of laboring people_...__________________ ~~ 112
Citizens not especially included in any of the groups named___..________ 93
——_. 1.418

Approximate total to date

Of the approximately 1,416 reports mentioned, 50 came from 20 Bost offices in
12 counties in Arizona; 249 from 153 post offices in 49 counties in alifornia; 96
from 68 post offices in 44 counties in Colorado; 24 from 21 post offices in 17
counties in Illinois; 20 from 18 post offices in 15 counties in Towa; 148 from 109
post offices in 75 counties in Kansas; 51 from 41 post offices in 31 counties in
Michigan; 34 from 29 post offices in 26 counties in Nebraska; 35 from 26 post
offices in 20 counties in New Mexico; 16 from 15 post offices in 13 counties in Ohio;
47 from 39 post offices in 37 counties in Oklahoma; 22 from 17 post offices in 17
counties in Oregon; 594 from 376 post offices in 218 counties in Texas: 11 from 9