WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION 411

senant, but also the small landowner. Nearly all of the cantaloupes and lettuce
are raised by large companies using peon labor. The small farmer can not comsete
 with them.”—Scott B. Foulds. gecretary-manager. Imperial County Farm
Bureau, El Centro, Calif.
“In domestic service, factory workers and sales girls in stores, they are displacing
 most all whites in this city. The fact that 75 per cent of the population
of this city is Mexican impresses me.”’—R. T. Glenn, San Antonio, Tex.
“Has driven out the good white labor.”’—Elizabeth R. Forrest, superintendent
of schools for girls, San Antonio, Tex.
«Mexican labor has forced its way into white American establishments, replacing
 white drivers and clerks. Mexicans are employed by the railroad companies.’—Bessie
 Kidd Best, county superintendent, Flagstaff, Ariz.
“About 1920 or 1921 the daily wage was cut 75 cents. This had been a white
man’s camp; mostly Mexicans were brought in, from Arizona, New Mexico, and
old Mexico. The largest mine in this territory employs 95 per cent Mexicans.” —
Mrs. Chas. F. Loker, former president of school board and member of Daughters
of the American Revolution, Tonopah, Nev.
“White natives have moved away from here, because labor was too cheap.
Many can not even get work, while the Mexican is put to work the day he arrives.’—A.
 L. Suman, superintendent of schools, South San Antonio, Tex. -
‘Should not be allowed to come to the United States and take the place of
American labor.”—D. A. Walker, M. D., Mullen, Nebr.
“Yes, when Mexicans become numerous in any locality the Americans leave.’ —
Doris E. Carlson, Sunnydale, Calif.
Nang Mexican women and girls now work in canneries.”—1J. Howard Hall,
M. D., Sacramento, Calif.
“Because they work overtime and for probably lower wages they sometimes
displace white laborers. This is particularly true on the railroads, as Mexicans
are easier driven. Most of the laborers working in our canneries are Italians,
Portuguese, and Mexicans.’—Mabel E. Fulgham, secretarv-treasurer county
farm bureau, Sacramento, Calif.
“Mexican peons do practically all of the common labor at $1.25 to $2 per day.
American labor would cost twice that much.”—8. J. Isaacks, lawyer, El Paso,
Tex.
“ Wages about one-half those paid in North and East we think, unskilled,
semiskilled, and clerical.”—R. R. Jones, assistant superintendent of schools, El
Paso, Tex.
“ Mexican domestics at least 90 per cent in the homes of El Pago.”’—Gunning-Casteel
 (Inec.), retail druggists, El Paso, Tex. .
“Mexican laborers are paid $1.25 to $1.50 and American laborers are paid
$1.75 to $2. Mexican peon labor will work for less, longer hours, and plenty of
abuse.”’—Paul Creswell, jr., El Paso, Tex.
“A white man would not and could not live under the same conditions as the
average Mexican laborer. 1 have been in some sections of the State (Texas)
where the Mexican farm tenant is displacing the native-born tenant very
rapidly.”—N. G. Heslep, cotton buyer, Houston, Tex.
“The influx of Mexicans into this industrial section will lower the wage scale
for all, lowering the standard of labor for white and black labor. On section
work they have already replaced the negro.”—Hugo Hartsfield, superintendent of
schools, Pasadena, Tex.
“Many are employed in cotton mills and cheap clothing factories.”’— William
N. Michels, county democratic executive comrnitteeman, Houston, Tex.
“Mexicans are rapidly replacing American women and girls in factories,
laundries, and such places.
“They take interest in elections. They have been taught in their country to
vote every chance they had.”—S8. D. Mathews, mining, Houston, Tex.
“If they continue to take the labor market it will so lower our every form of
social, financial, economic, home, school, and church life as to destroy it as it is
here to-day. "The American of yesterday will be a thing of the past, a great
master class on one hand and the peon on the other, the great middle class
perishing, disappearing, submerged.” —F. W. Miller, realtor, Los Angeles Calif.
“Work in considerable number in canneries. Some of white women object to
working with Mexicans or Filipinos.”—A. H. McFarland, M. D., Mountain
View, alif.
“They are displacing white labor in increasing numbers in canneries and in
fruit-packing plants and in fruit picking.”’—Clarence ¥. Bronner, chairman
legislative committee, Grange No. 408, Morgan Hill, Calif.