employment can be obtained for the prisoner, the 
court may impose the ordinary penalties provided 
by the law.” 
On pages 195-6 the Report deals at greater length with 
this section of the Vagrancy Proclamation. Obviously 
it is advisable to clear up the position arising under this 
Proclamation. 
B. Indirect Compulsion. 
The provisions of the Prime Minister’s Land Bill in 
regard to licenses for squatters and of Mr. Pirow’s Native 
Service Contract Registrations Bill, together with the Pass 
Laws of the Union and the question of the supply of Con- 
vict Labour to Private Employers, should be compared 
with the principles suggested in the Questionnaire adopted 
by the Conference (p. 67), as follows : 
“Do you consider that the International Labour 
Conference should adopt a Recommendation depre- 
cating resort to indirect means of artificially increas- 
ing the economic pressure upon populations to seek 
wage-earning employment, particularly by 
(a) imposing taxation on populations on a scale 
dictated by the intention of compelling them to 
work for the benefit of private enterprises : 
(b) rendering difficult the gaining of a living in 
complete independence by workers by unjustified 
restrictions as to the possession, occupation, or 
use of land : 
(¢) extending abusively the generally accepted mean- 
ing of vagrancy ; 
(d) adopting pass laws which would result in 
giving the workers in the service of others a position 
of advantage as compared with that of other 
workers ? >’ 
Under Section 12 (1) of Mr. Pirow’s Native Service 
Contract Registrations Bill any Native domiciled in the 
Transvaal or Natal, and being between the ages of eigh- 
teen and sixty, is liable, in addition to all other taxes. to a 
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