tons of coke. This coke analyzes low in ash, sulphur and 
phosphorus, and is therefore extensively used in blast 
furnaces. The value of coke in the manufacture of low 
phosphorus pig iron depends on the percentage of phos- 
phorus in the coke. As the manufacturers have to meet 
an analysis of .08 to .085%, phosphorus in the pig iron, 
the phosphorus content of the coke must necessarily be 
very low. 
The Hillman Coal & Coke Company exports coke 
chiefly to Mexico and South America for use in copper 
smelting, although some coke has been exported to Italy 
and France for use in foundries and the manufacture of 
pig iron. The Hillman coke is well suited to export pur- 
poses, since coke for export must contain the lowest per- 
centage of ash consistent with proper structure. The 
ash content must not be excessive, for if it is, rail and ocean 
freights will impose a prohibitive cost upon the delivered 
product. 
UNITED STATES STEEL SUBSIDIARIES 
In the eighteenth annual report of the United States 
Steel Corporation, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 
1919, the production of coke by its subsidiaries, which 
operate chiefly in the Pittsburgh district, is placed during 
the twelve months at 15,463,649 tons, of which 5,933,056 
was produced in bee-hive and 9,530,593 in by-product 
ovens. These figures compare with 9,962,408 tons pro- 
duced in bee-hive ovens, and 7,795,233 tons made in by- 
product ovens in 1918, or a total of 17,577,636 in that 
year. Coal mined by the corporation in 1919 totalled 
28,893,128 tons, against 31,748,135 in 1918. The total 
sum expended during the year 1919 on all its coal and coke 
properties was $12,958,647.86. 
Naturally enough, in the coal and coke center of the 
world, there are very many important corporations and 
firms engaged in the business of mining and selling these 
staple articles, indispensable in the world’s manufactories. 
To enumerate them all is practically impossible in the