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        a
Ld
AFT
        <pb n="2" />
        An edition of 100 ot
which this is

No.

Peacented to

This volume is a combination of a series of booklets
published by the First National Bank at Pittsburgh, in
exposition of our city’s progress in business and culture.
It is fitting that this record be dedicated to the
memory of the late beloved president of the First
National Bank, Mr. Lawrence FE. Sands, whose vision
and work has made a very deep impression upon the
general welfare of this community.
May we hope that this volume will be worthy of a
place in your library, not only for your own pleasure and
information, but also for any inspiration it may furnish
for a future generation to maintain and enhance the fine
traditions of the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK AT PrrrssurcH,
PirrsBurcH. Pa
        <pb n="3" />
        ges rs enn ee [AY SpE Pe re yr

The Story of

PITTSBURGH

Volume One
Number Four

COAL AND COKE

First National Bank at Pittsburgh

June. 1920

He

LINER ITE TEESE IONE ERENT. CHORE a DONT EDEN LEONE ERED IIIE JOON EE EE LEI TET 1 1 nue
        <pb n="4" />
        HENRY CLAY FRICK
Tue Cokr King or THE WORLD
        <pb n="5" />
        The Story of Pittsburgh
Coal and Coke :

B®

tHE recent death of Henry Clay Frick was a great
loss to the financial and industrial centers, not
only of this country, but of other countries also.
Mr. Frick was undoubtedly acknowledged to be the
“Coke King of the World.” It is a singular coincidence
that the passing away of Andrew Carnegie, the “Steel
King,” should so soon be followed by the death of his
sne-time partner, Mr. Frick.
The two co-operated for many years, but were business
opponents later in life. Mr. Frick was born at West Overton,
 Westmoreland County, Pa., on December 19, 1849,
and was therefore about threescore and ten years old when
he died. At the age of ten he was a boy on a farm, and
he received very little education such as one gets in the
schools, but his practical business education, obtained in
the great world of industrial activity, was wide to an
extraordinary degree. He did, however, enjoy a short
term at Chester Military Academy, after a few years in
the elementary school at West Overton, and he also spent
a few months at Otterbein University, Ohio.
At the age of 16, Mr. Frick began his business career
as a clerk in a dry goods store, and later went as bookkeeper
 to a mill owned by his grandfather, Abraham
Overholt. He had an almost intuitive knowledge that the
coke industry, then in its infancy, was destined to become
one of vast importance, and he invested all his savings,
and all the money he could borrow from his relatives, in
coke ovens. He was successful as a coke operator from
the very beginning, and in 1878, he and his partner owned
200 ovens. Then came the panic of that year, but not-
        <pb n="6" />
        withstanding the severe financial and industrial depression,
he went on expanding his coke business. He not only
succeeded in borrowing enough money to operate the ovens
he already had, but to buy more.
After this, Mr. Frick’s progress was rapid. The panic
of 1873 really gave him his chance, enabling him, with
his great faith in the future, to obtain large tracts of coal
lands. No one else understood quite as well as Mr. Frick,
the value of coking coal in the great steel industry, then
beginning to make a rapid growth. At 30 years of age he
was a millionaire. His business interests overflowed into
many fields. He incorporated the H. C. Frick Coal and
Coke Company, with a capital of $2,000,000, and owned
3,000 acres of coal lands, with 1,026 coke ovens. In 1882,
there was a consolidation of the business of Mr. Frick with
that of Carnegie Brothers &amp;amp; Co., and he became chairman
of that corporation in 1889. The Duquesne Steel Works
were later acquired, consolidated into the Carnegie Steel
Company, and Mr. Frick became chairman.
For many years—both before and after the organization
 of the United States Steel Corporation—Mr. Frick
was one of the men of first magnitude who controlled the
industrial policies of the United States. He usually
exercised his power inconspicuously, but his compelling
prominence cropped out from time to time. For instance,
when the Interstate Commerce Commission published,
in 1906, the names of the largest owners of railway stocks,
Mr. Frick headed the list of individual owners; and in a
list published in 1909, he was put down as the largest
owner of Pennsylvania Railroad stock, the largest owner
of Chicago and Northwestern, and one of the largest of
Atchison, Norfolk and Western, and Baltimore and Ohio.
Mr. Frick was a devotee of art, and exercised unusual
skill and judgment in making his collection, supported by
ample means. His collection is said to have cost him
between $30,000,000 and $40,000,000, and to be worth
$50,000,000 at present. It is easily rated as the finest
private collection in the world. The supreme masterpiece
 of the collection is the portrait of Rembrandt by
himself. painted near the close of the artist’s life. This
        <pb n="7" />
        collection of paintings, together with the palatial Frick
home in Fifth Avenue, New York, is left by Mr. Frick in
his will to the city of New York, the transfer to be made
on the death of his widow. It is in this particular disposition
 of his works of art, said Mr. Cortissoz, a distinguished
 critic, that Mr. Frick has done most to place
11s countrymen in his debt.
The pre-eminence of Pittsburgh as the Coal and Coke
center of the world is undisputed. In the production of
these industrial necessaries, the Pittsburgh District leads
the world. One-fourth of the Coal and nearly one-half of
the Coke produced in the United States are produced here.
The industry dates back to 1760, two years after the buildof
 Fort Pitt, when the early settlers dug coal for fuel, just
across the Monongahela River from “The Point.” The
Geological Survey pronounces Pittsburgh Coal to be one of
the most valuable in heat units of any produced in the
United States, and the output of the district exceeds 100,-000,000
 tons annually. In the year 1918, the production of
bituminous coal in the United States totalled 579,385,820
tons, of which Pennsylvania produced 178,550,741 tons.
The output of Coke amounted to 56,478,372 tons, and of
this total Pennsylvania made 26,723,645 tons, and most of
Lhis being produced in the Pittsburgh District. Connellsville
 reported for 1918, 37,061 Coke Ovens, and shipments
of 16,138,590 tons. The high water mark of Connellsville
Coke production was in 1916, when 38,362 ovens produced
21,645,502 tons. In that year, the State of Pennsylvania
produced 81,279,695 tons, and the entire country 54.538.-585
 tons of Coke.
Coal is not merely a black substance, more or less
sooty and dirty to handle. It is not merely a fuel, the
chief source of heat for manufacturing, transportation and
domestic purposes. From coal, many charming colors
are produced which enhance the beauty of fabrics, and
from coal thousands of drugs are derived. for the use of
the physician and chemist.
Bituminous coal is the backbone, so to speak, of the
great industrial and commercial life of the world. While
the use of coal dates back to the earliest times, its con-
        <pb n="8" />
        sumption in large quantities covers only a comparatively
recent period. The Chinese made use of coal in the hoary
ages of the past, and Greek writers tell of the knowledge
of coal as fuel by people living on the north shore of the
Mediterranean Sea as early as the fourth century before
Christ. At the time of the Roman invasion of the British
Isles, we learn that coal was taken from the outcrop with
picks made of flint and hard oak.
The first discovery of coal in the New World by white
men, is recorded by Father Hennepin, in his journal, as
having been made on the banks of the Illinois River in
1679. At the time of the Revolutionary War, coal was
shipped north from the Richmond district of Virginia.
Anthracite coal was first used by a blacksmith in the eastern
part of Pennsylvania in 1796, but was not successfully used
in manufacturing until the year 1812, when it played an important
 part in the fuel supply.
As far back as 1684, William Penn was granted a charter
 to mine coal in the hills fronting Pittsburgh. In 1758,
coal was discovered in what was soon afterward called
“Coal Hill; and in 1760, Thomas Hutchins visited Fort
Pitt, and wrote about a “cole” mine on the west side of
the Monongahela River.
The very earliest successful mining and use of coal in
the United States took place within what is now the corporate
 limits of the City of Pittsburgh. One of the first
mines was located on what is now Duquesne Heights,
Nineteenth Ward, and was known as “Indian Pit.” The
first steam engine in Pittsburgh was built in 1794, and
after this important event the use of coal increased very
rapidly. Not only was coal first mined and used here,
but the first coal ever exported was shipped from this
district. In 1803 a company of French merchants built at
Pittsburgh the ship “Louisiana,” on board which they
loaded 350 tons of Pittsburgh coal, “Which was sold for
$9 per ton.” By the year 1817, navigation of the Ohio
had developed to such an extent that regular shipments of
coal were sent south, the chief markets being Cincinnati,
Louisville and Maysville. In 1844, the first locks on the
        <pb n="9" />
        Monongahela River were completed, and in 1845, the raw
coal of the Brier Hill seam was successfully used to smelt
iron ores at the Clay Furnace. near Sharon. Pa.

PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY

The Pittsburgh Coal Company is the owner and operator
of seventy coal mines in the States of Pennsylvania, Ohio.
Illinois and Kentucky, which have an annual capacity of
30,000,000 tons. Of these collieries, 60 are located in the
heart of the Pittsburgh district, the most wonderful coal
fields in the world, and are known as the Youghiogheny
and Westmoreland fields. In this district, the Pittsburgh
Coal Company is the owner of 152,745 acres of unmined
coal, and within these properties lie the highest grade of
gas, coking and steam coals.
The following analysis shows the high standard of the
company’s gas coal:
Moisture................. 0.50 9% to 1.00 9%
Volatile matter. ........ 32.00 9 to 84.00
Fixed carbon. . 38.00 9, to 60.00
Ash.................... 5.50 %to 7.00 9
Sulphur.................. 0.75 9 to 0.90 9,
Phosphorus. ............. 0.005% to 0.0109,
British Thermal Units... . . . 14.250 to 14.500

The company’s mines in the Youghiogheny and Westmoreland
 field are joined by the company’s own railway,
called the Montour Railroad, 51 miles in length, of the
best modern construction and equipment, and connections
are made direct with Lake Erie ports, and to railways east
west and south. The company possesses excellent facilities
for loading coal into ocean vessels, for export shipments
to South America and other countries, at the ports of
New York, Baltimore and Philadelphia. At the ports on
the Great Lakes, extensive and modern loading plants are
operated. During the summer months, millions of tons
of the Pittsburgh Coal Company’s gas and steam coal are
forwarded by the way of the Great Lakes to its docks on
        <pb n="10" />
        Lake Superior and Lake Michigan, from which it is distributed
 throughout Canada and the West and Northwest
sections of the United States.
In all the large industrial centers of this country and
the Dominion of Canada the company has established
facilities to serve the users of coal, whether for steam,
gas or domestic purposes. Many plants have been erected
in the Northwest for distribution purposes. at an investment
 of $8,750,000.
At Buenos Aires, Argentina, the Pittsburgh Coal Company
 has built a modern dock, with a large capacity for
storing coal. The equipment of this dock is ample to meet
all requirements, and consists of lighters for bunkering
vessels, with machinery, revolving derricks, etc.. for handling
 a general fuel business.
The Pittsburgh Coal Company has an authorized
capital stock of $80,000,000, half of which is common
stock and half preferred. Of this capitalization, $32,169,-200
 common and $36,000,000 preferred is outstanding.
The common is paying 5% dividends annually and the
nreferred is paving 6%.. which is cumulative.

[ITLTL.MAN COAL &amp;amp; COKE COMPANY

The Hillman Coal &amp;amp; Coke Company controls the
operation of 28 mines, all of which, except one, are located
in Western Pennsylvania. The only one not located in
the Pittsburgh district is the Tunnelton Mine, at Tunnelton,
 West Virginia. The other 22 are the following:
Patterson Mine, Elizabeth, Allegheny County; Ella Mine,
Webster, Allegheny County; Naomi Mine, Fayette City,
Fayette County; Edna No. 1, Adamsburg, Westmoreland
County; Edna No. 2, Wendel, Westmoreland County;
Jerome Nos. 1 and 2, at Jerome, Somerset County; Isabella,
at Isabella, Fayette County; Griffin Nos. 1 and 2 at Masontown,
 Fayette County; Crystal, at Gans, Fayette County;
Clarksville at Clarksville, Westmoreland County; Thompson
 No. 2 and Tower Hill Nos. 1 and 2 at Republic, Fayette
 County; Luzerne. at Luzerne, Fayette County: Belle
        <pb n="11" />
        PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY
Representative Coal Yard of the Northwest. Many Yards of this General Type Have Been Built at St. Paul,
Minneapolis, Duluth, Superior, Winnipeg, and Other Places.
        <pb n="12" />
        PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY
Dock No. 7 at Duluth, Minn., with a Storage Capacity of One Million Tons,
        <pb n="13" />
        HILLMAN COAL &amp;amp; COKE COMPANY
PATTERSON MINE AND TIPPLE, ELIZABETH, ALLEGHENY, PA,
This mine produces over 300,000 tons of coal yearly, all of which is suitable for by-product and gas manufacturing
purposes. The tipple is equipped for shipping all commercial sizes of coal.
        <pb n="14" />
        PART OF THE HILLMAN RIVER FLEET
The Steamers “Hillman” and “Hecla” are here shown towing loaded barges on the Monongahela River. Each barge
holds an amount of coal equivalent to the contents of eight large railroad cars.
        <pb n="15" />
        Vernon, at Belle Vernon, Fayette County; Oakmont, at
Barking, Allegheny County; Diamond, at West Brownsville,
 Washington County; Pike at Brownsville, Fayette
County; Huston Run, at Courtney, Washington County,
and Blaine, at Lock No. 3, Allegheny County.
The combined annual capacity of these mines is, in
round figures, 7,000,000 tons of coal and 1,500,000 tons of
coke. Twenty of the Hillman mines are situated in the
Pittsburgh, Connellsville and Irwin fields, with shipping
facilities on the Pennsylvania, Baltimore and Ohio, Monongahela
 and New York Central Railroads. Seven of the
mines are provided with river tipples, permitting shipments
 by way of the Monongahela, Allegheny and Ohio
Rivers. Thus the company is able to ship by rail or water.
Shipments from its mines in Somerset County, Pennsylvania,
 and Preston County, West Virginia, are made by
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, east and west. The
combined coal acreage of these mines, and of the company’s
undeveloped coal tracts, is more than 85,000 acres.
The coal produced at the two Jerome mines is low in
volatile matter, averaging about 179), and can be burned
with much less unconsumed carbon than is the case with
higher volatile coal, and is widely known to the trade as
“Smokeless Coal.” It is in great demand for steam purposes,
 especially in cities having anti-smoke ordinances.
The Hillman Coal &amp;amp; Coke Company has about 14,000
acres of virgin coal surrounding the Jerome Mines. For
use as bunkering coal, this product meets the severe Government
 requirements in every detail. It can be stored
for long periods with absolutely no danger from spontaneous
 combustion. Hillman coal for gas-making purposes
 produces under the best practice from 10,500 to
11,000 cubic feet of gas per net ton of coal. Chemically,
there is but slight variation in the seam of the Pittsburgh
District coal, used for gas making purposes, and physically.
the coal is of firm structure and does not slack readily.
The Hillman Coal &amp;amp; Coke Company is one of the
largest shippers of coke in the Connellsville region, having
a total of 1,166 beehive and 798 rectangular ovens, located
at various plants, and producing annually about 1.500.000
        <pb n="16" />
        tons of coke. This coke analyzes low in ash, sulphur and
phosphorus, and is therefore extensively used in blast
furnaces. The value of coke in the manufacture of low
phosphorus pig iron depends on the percentage of phosphorus
 in the coke. As the manufacturers have to meet
an analysis of .08 to .085%, phosphorus in the pig iron,
the phosphorus content of the coke must necessarily be
very low.
The Hillman Coal &amp;amp; Coke Company exports coke
chiefly to Mexico and South America for use in copper
smelting, although some coke has been exported to Italy
and France for use in foundries and the manufacture of
pig iron. The Hillman coke is well suited to export purposes,
 since coke for export must contain the lowest percentage
 of ash consistent with proper structure. The
ash content must not be excessive, for if it is, rail and ocean
freights will impose a prohibitive cost upon the delivered
product.

UNITED STATES STEEL SUBSIDIARIES

In the eighteenth annual report of the United States
Steel Corporation, for the fiscal year ended December 31,
1919, the production of coke by its subsidiaries, which
operate chiefly in the Pittsburgh district, is placed during
the twelve months at 15,463,649 tons, of which 5,933,056
was produced in bee-hive and 9,530,593 in by-product
ovens. These figures compare with 9,962,408 tons produced
 in bee-hive ovens, and 7,795,233 tons made in byproduct
 ovens in 1918, or a total of 17,577,636 in that
year. Coal mined by the corporation in 1919 totalled
28,893,128 tons, against 31,748,135 in 1918. The total
sum expended during the year 1919 on all its coal and coke
properties was $12,958,647.86.
Naturally enough, in the coal and coke center of the
world, there are very many important corporations and
firms engaged in the business of mining and selling these
staple articles, indispensable in the world’s manufactories.
To enumerate them all is practically impossible in the
        <pb n="17" />
        space at our disposal, but a few may be named as representative
 of the industry, and arranged in alphabetical
order:
Acme Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; American-Connellsville Coal
&amp;amp; Coke Co.; American Fuel Co.; American Gas Coal
Co.; Argentine Coal Co.; Armstrong Coal Co.; Arrow
Coal Mining Co.; Atlas Coal Co.; Atlantic Coal Co.;
Bellebridge Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Ben Franklin Coal Co.;
Berger-Aiken Coal Co.; Bertha Coal Co.; Bessemer Coal
&amp;amp; Coke Co.; Bixler Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Blaine Coal Co.;
Blanchard Coal Co.; Bostaph Coal Co.; W. Harry Brown
Coal and Coke; Bulger Block Coal Co.; Burgettstown
Coal Co.; Canonsburg Gas Coal Co.; Carbon Center
Coal Co.; Carnegie Coal Co.; Central Yough Coal Co.;
Century Coal Co.; Champion Gas Coal Co.; Charleroi
Gas Coal Co.; Chartiers Creek Coal Co.; Cherry Run
Mining Co.; H. Chidester, Coal and Coke; Cleveland &amp;amp;
Western Coal Co.; Clinton Block Coal Co.; Clyde Coal
Co.; Colonization Coal, Coke &amp;amp; Power Co.; Commercial
&amp;amp; By-Products Coal Co.; Commonwealth Fuel Co.;
Consolidated Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Consolidated Fuel Co.;
Consumers Fuel Co.; Continental Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.;
Country Club Coal Co.; Creighton Coal Works; Crescent
Coal Co.; Crucible Fuel Co.; Delmont Gas Coal Co.;
Diamond Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Duquesne Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.;
Eclipse Gas Coal Co.; Ellsworth Collieries Co.; Equitable
Coke Co.; Eureka Coal Co.; Export Coal Co.; Fair Haven
Coal Co.; Fairview Mining Co.; Fayette Coal Corporation;
 Ferguson Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Forsythe Coal Co.;
H. C. Frick Coke Co.; Fort Pitt Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.;
Four States Coal Co.; Fox Coal Co.; Frauenheim-Severns
Fuel Co.; Gage Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Georges Creek Coal
Mining Co.; Goucher Mine Co.; Grant Fuel Co.; Greensburg-Connellsville
 Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Harmon Creek Coal
Co.; Hecla Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Henderson Coal Co.; Hostetter-Connellsville
 Coal Co.; Jamison Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.;
Jenner-Quemahoning Coal Co.; Jones Coal Co.; Keystone
Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Fred G. Kirkbride &amp;amp; Co.; Latrobe-Connellsville
 Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Lincoln Gas Coal Co.;
Logansport Coal Co.; Masten Coal Co. : Meadow Lands
        <pb n="18" />
        Coal Co.; Mercer Gas Coal Co.; Miners Block Coal Co.;
Miners Co-Operative Coal Co.; Monessen Coal &amp;amp; Coke
Co.; Montour &amp;amp; Lake Erie Coal Co.; Naomi Coal Co.;
National Mining Co.; North Penn Coal Co.; Ohio River
Coal Co.; Peoples Coal Co.; Pen-American Gas Coal Co.;
Penn-Franklin Coal Co.; Penn-Pitt Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.;
Penn Smokeless Coal Co.; Penn York Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.;
Peters Creek Coal Co.; Pioneer Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Pitt
Gas Coal Co.; Pittsburgh Block Coal Co.; Pittsburgh-Cambridge
 Coal Co.; Pittsburgh-Connellsville Coal &amp;amp;
Coke Co.; Pittsburgh, Great Lakes &amp;amp; Northwestern Coal
Corporation; Pittsburgh Hanover Coal Co.; Pittsburgh
Pocahontas High Grade Coal Co.; Pittsburgh Seam Coal
Co.; Pittsburgh &amp;amp; Baltimore Coal Co.; Pittsburgh &amp;amp;
Bessemer Coal Co.; Pittsburgh &amp;amp; Erie Coal Co.; Pluto
Coal Co.; Producers Coal Corporation; Producers Fuel
Co.; Poland Coal Co.; Quality Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; W. J.
Rainey, Coal &amp;amp; Coke; Raridan &amp;amp; East Brady Coal Co.;
Redbank Coal Co.; Reilly-Peabody Fuel Co.; Reliance
Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Richards Coal Mining Co.; Richland
Coal Co.; Robbins Coal Co.; Sagamore Coal Co.; Saw
Mill Run Coal Co.; Second Pool Coal Co.; Short Creek
Coal Co.; W. B. Skelly Coal Co.; South Fayette Coal
Co.; Spring Valley Coal Co.; Springer Coal Co.; Squirrel
Hill Coal Co.; Standard Coal Sales Co.; Star Fuel Coal
Co.; Superba Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Tasa Coal Co.; Taylor
Run Coal Co.; Tri-State Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Two Rivers
Cannel Coal Co.; Union Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Union Collieries
 Co.; Union Fuel Co.; United Fuel &amp;amp; Iron Co.;
United States Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Valley Camp Coal Co.;
Vesta Coal Co.; Victoria Coal Co.; Victory Coal Co..
Vulcan Coal Co.; Walter-Wallingford Coal Co.; W. H;
Warner &amp;amp; Co.; Warner Youghiogheny Coal Co.; Washington
 Gas Coal Co.; Waverly Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Wayne
Coal Co.; Weaver Coal Co., Inc.; West Penn By-Product
Coal Co.; West Penn Fuel Co.; Westmoreland-Connellsville
 Coal &amp;amp; Coke Co.; Westmoreland Fuel Co.; Wilson-Beegle
 Coal Co.; Winfield Coal Co.; Woodruff Coal &amp;amp;
Iron Co.; Youghahela Coal Co.; Youghiogheny Coal &amp;amp;
Coke Co.; Youghiogheny Pittsburgh Coal Co.; Yough-Leherv
 &amp;amp; Ohio Coal Co.; Zenith Coal Co.
        <pb n="19" />
        Accurately kept reports show that in the last 22 years,
the vast total of 253,000,000 tons of coal were moved.on the
surface of the Monongahela River. In the year 1919, the
amount of coal shipped on the Monongahela River was
14,400,000 tons.
Movement of coal and coke by water will be greally
stimulated when the ship canal which is to connect the
Ohio River with Lake Erie shall be finished, as this waterway
 would provide connection with the Great Lakes and
the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys. This great project has
been discussed for vears and awaits prover action by Congress.

The First National Bank at Pittsburgh possesses exceptional
 facilities for financing exports of coal and other
products of the United States. The Foreign Exchange
Department is directly connected with all commercial
centers of the world, and handles promptly and economically
 all documents pertaining to Foreign Commercial
transactions. We issue drafts and make payments all
over the globe. All languages are spoken in this department,
 and translations of documents are made for customers.
 The officers and directors of this institution are
experienced bankers and business men. and their advice
is available at all times.
The great progress made in the coal business of the
United States is graphically told in the diagram printed on
another page, showing the total consumption and per capita
consumption of coal from 1850 to 1918, inclusive. Seventy
years ago, the production of coal totalled 2,880,017 tons
annually, and only twelve-one hundredths of a ton was
used on an average by every person in the country. Fifty
years later, in 1900, the annual output was 212,316,112
tons, and the per capita consumption had increased to 2.8
tons. The next decade saw an expansion to 417,111,142
tons, while the per capita consumption increased to a little
more than 414 tons. The output grew steadily year by
year until 1918 showed 585,883,000 tons of coal mined and
the per capita consumption rose to 5.57 tons. This was
the heaviest year of the great European war, when every
effort was being made to stimulate production to meet the
unprecedented demand
        <pb n="20" />
        Consumption of Bituminous Coal, and Per Capita
Consumption, in the United States, since 1850

250

2,880,017 “tons annually
0.12 Tons per capita consumption

"880

42,831,758 tons
ad
0.85 tons "
212 316.112 Tons

1900

2.80 tons u "
37274 * 257 tons

| 905

1010

4.30 tons u
417111142 tons

1911

452 tons "
405907 059 tons

1012

4.32 Tons " »
450.104 982 tons

1013

4.71 Tons «
478 435297 tons

914

4.62 tons
A2?2703 970 tons

4.28 tons « n
| 442624426 tons
1018

ore

4.41 tons « "
502519682 tons

+493 tons "
| 551,790,563 tons
1017
1918

5.57 tons. =» :
        <pb n="21" />
        OFFICERS

LAWRENCE E. Sanps. . President
Frank F. Brooks. .. .. Vice President
CrYpE C. TAYLOR. . Cashier
Taos. B. Hupsox. .... Assistant Cashier
Oscar WiLson. . Assistant Cashier
Ww. J. Frank. Manager Foreign Department
P. W. DaniNpEN. . ......... Assistant Manager Foreign Department
~ PauL Forp. Assistant Manager Foreign Department

DIRECTORS

Joun A. Beck. . .... President Big Four 0il &amp;amp; Gas Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Frank F. Brooks. .. Vice President
Ww. L. Curry. . . . ... Manufacturer, Pitisburgh, Pa.
Joun A. DonNaupson.... .... Vice President Pittsburgh Coal Company
J. Rocers FLANNERY. . . .. President Flannery Bolt Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Ww. H. HEARNE. ....... Director La Belle Iron Works, Steubenville, O.
J. H. HiLLMAN, JR. Chair. of Board Hillman Coald Coke Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
D. T. Layman, Jr. .. Henry Phipps Estate
A. M. MORELAND. . Capitalist
YW. MORGAN.............. President East Pittsburgh National Bank
Wu. A. ReENsHAW. . ..  _... John A. Renshaw &amp;amp; Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Lawrence E. SaANDs.

President
        <pb n="22" />
        aa ea EI Leerssen seas eames en sees esses i wa

FIFTH AVENUE AND WOOD STREET
CONVENIENT FOR YOU

First National Bank at Pittsburgh

CAPITAL ..vvvn en...
SURPLUS. .........
ASSETS .

C.....§ 4,000,000.00
..... 1,600,000.00
 45.000.000.00

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        <pb n="23" />
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OFFICERS

Lawrence E. Sanps. ..
Frank TF. Brooks
Crype C. TAYLOR.
Tros. B. Hupson
Oscar WiLsoN. . .
Wu. J. Frank.
P. W. DaHINDEN
J. PavuL Forp.

. President

Vice President

Se .. Cashier
...... Assistant Cashier
} . Assistant Cashier
. Manager Foreign Department
. Assistant Manager Foreign Dupurtmon

Assistant Manager Foreign Department

DIRECTORS

Jonny A. Beck. . .... President Big Four Oil &amp;amp; Gus Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Frank I. Brooks. ....... Vice President
Wu. L. CURRY. .............. .. Manufacturer, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Jorn A. DoNaLpsoN. . . .. Vice President Pittsburgh Coal Company
J. Rocers FLANNERY. . . .. President Flannery Bolt Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Ww. H. HEARNE. ....... Director La Belle Iron Works, Steubenville, 0.
J. H. HiLLman, JR. Chair. of Board Hillman Coal Coke Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
D. T. Layman, Jz.. ..... Henry Phipps Estate
A. M. MORELAND. .. Capitalist
P. W. MoreAN.............. President East Pittsburgh National Bank
Wu. A. RENsHAW. .. John A. Renshaw &amp;amp; Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Lawrence E. SANDS.

President

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