a rosa i pn An edition of 100 of which this is / No Tos opt, i *0 This volume is a combination of a series of booklets published by the First National Bank at Pittsburgh, in exposition of our city’s progress in business and culture. It is fitting that this record be dedicated to the memory of the late beloved president of the First National Bank, Mr. Lawrence E. Sands, whose vision and work has made a very deep impression upon the general welfare of this community. May we hope that this volume will be worthy of a place in your library, not only for your own pleasure and information, but also for any inspiration it may furnish for a future generation to maintain and enhance the fine traditions of the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Tue FIRST NATIONAL BANK AT PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH. Pa. wy Cds ER EEE EEN ER CE NE LET OES IDIOM EOD CEI ES TE La Ta IE OLED TTT | ILLES ISI HE The Story of PITTSBURGH Volume One Number Eight CEMENT AND CONCRETE First National Bank at Pittsburgh December. 192] TINIE, 0). a LL Te eT He TT ELE IEE SI I rans The Story of Pittsburgh CEMENT anD CONCRETE % HILE it is strictly true that the present time is a “concrete age,” it is also true that concrete is by no means a modern discovery. The present extensive use is, however, a quite modern development. The word ‘‘concrete” comes from the Latin concretus, meaning “that which is grown together,” and artificial stone, similar to our concrete, was in use by the Babylon- ians and early Egyptians, as well as by the Greeks and the Romans. Pliny says the columns which adorn the peristyle of the Egyptian labyrinth were made of this material. “Puzzolana,” a volcanic earth, was used as a natural hydraulic cement by the Romans, who used it in building aqueducts, walls and roads. The pyramid of Ninus in the Eternal City was formed of a single block of this mate- rial. So also was the tomb of Porsena. which was 30 feet wide by 5 feet in height. While there are many ancient examples of the use of factitious stone, it is nevertheless, true in a very exact sense, that this is really the “concrete age.” Roads, bridges, houses, industrial buildings, railroad and mine construction, water-power developments, a variety of products such as drain tile, roofing tile, sewer pipe, building block and much ornamental work are of concrete. It is almost the only material used for sidewalks and for founda- tions of all structures including permanent pavements. Concrete is made of (a) sand or screenings, and (b) stone, pebbles or slag bound together into a hard, strong mass with (¢) portland cement, the strongest binder of such materials in commercial use. Concrete utilizes a variety of sands, slag, pebbles, crushed stones and other materials for construction work, provides an economical, permanent. fire-resistive building material of wide application, pro- duces a monolithic unit or structure and permits reinforce- ment with steel to produce additional strength. A little more than half a century ago, nearly all of the portland cement used in America was imported. Since then, production in this country has increased from 170,000 sacks in 1890, to about 390 million sacks in 1920. There are four sacks to a “barrel.” Comparatively little now is imported. “PORTLAND” A DEFINING TERM APPLYING TO A VARIETY OF BRANDS The first use of a material similar to cement for binding together fragments of stone cannot be traced as it extends beyond ancient-written history. But, as already noted, it is known that the Egyptians and Romans prepared a mortar which would harden under water. In 1824, Joseph Aspdin, a bricklayer of Leeds, England, patented an arti- ficial cement which he called “portland” because of its resemblance in color to a building stone obtained from the Isle of Portland, off the coast of England. In the early days, cement was made by a mechanical or physical mixture of various materials or by heating a clayey limestone to a relatively low temperature. Today, different materials first are “mixed” mechanically and then “combined” chemically by intense heat. Cement so made, irrespective of brand, is known as “portland” cement to distinguish it from “natural,” “‘puzzolan” and other cements now little used. What is now the Universal Portland Cement Co. first made a puzzolan cement at the rate of 300 sacks a day. In 1900, it began the manufacture of portland cement and shipped that year 82,000 sacks. Today, the Pittsburgh plant alone has a producing capacity of 44,000 sacks a day while the company’s total capacity is 160,000 sacks a day or 48 million sacks a year. UNIVERSAL PORTLAND CEMENT CO. Just as the available supply of limestone and coal required to convert iron ore into pig iron for the manufac- ture of steel has contributed toward making the Pittsburgh District the world’s largest steel center, so has the available supply of the same materials enabled the Keystone State to take a leading position in the manufacture of cement. In the making of pig iron, one of the by-products is slag. For years, no wide uses for this were found. It was waste material. It cost money to get rid of it. But back in the 90’s, it was discovered that the silica, alumina and lime found in blast-furnace slag, the principal chemical ingre- dients required in the manufacture of portland cement, could be used to make this modern material, and today large quantities of granulated slag are used by the Universal Portland Cement Co. in the steel centers of Pittsburgh. Chicago and Duluth. INGREDIENTS OF PORTLAND CEMENT Portland Cement consists principally of silica, alumina and lime obtained from (a) cement rock and limestone; (b) clay or shale and limestone; (¢) clay and marl; or (d) blast-furnace slag and limestone. Any of these com- binations in various proportions provide the required chemical constituents for portland cement. The im- portant requisites for the manufacture of portland cement are: The cement mixture must be composed of properly proportioned materials. These raw materials must be finely ground and intimately mixed before burning. I'he burning must be conducted at the proper cemperature to obtain a chemical combination © ¢ burning, the resulting clinker must be finely MATERIALS CAREFULLY PROPORTIONED AND CHEMICALLY COMEINED Chemists analyze the materials, determine the amount of each to be used, set and seal interlocking automatic scales which in turn feed the materials to mills for grinding. Before mixing, the limestone and slag or other raw material must be crushed, dried and ground. Day in and day out, huge machines crunch hungrily their diet of stone and other materials and pass their mechanically-mixed grist along. At the same time, coal crushers, driers and grinders are at work preparing coal dust as finely ground as the rock dust. After the materials are ground, proportioned and mixed, they pass into rotary kilns. A modern cement kiln is a steel tube lined with fire brick. It is as long as a residence lot and more than large enough in diameter for a man to walk through. There are twenty such kilns in the Universal plant at Pittsburgh, set side by side in a building as long as an average city block. Into one end of each kiln goes a con- stant stream of powdered, mixed materials while into the other, forced along by compressed air, goes a stream of coal dust. Upon its entrance to the kiln, the powdered coal is ignited and travels through the long kiln hissing and burning as from an inferno. This burning produces a temperature of about 2800 degrees Fahrenheit which heats the materials to the point of incipient fusion and combines them chemically. In this process, the powdered materials are burned into nodules of “clinker” ranging from the size of a small pea to that of a walnut. This “clinker” has no setting or binding qualities and can be kept indefinitely. To make it useful as cement, it again must be ground, this time so fine that 789, of it will pass a 200-mesh sieve, that is, a sieve con- taining 200 openings per linear inch or 40.000 openings per square inch. While this fineness is considered one of the important qualities of portland cement, there are certain limits within which it must be confined in order to obtain best results in concrete. If not fine enough, the cement is not active, while if too fine, it becomes too quick in setting or too costly to produce commercially. In fact, the ground clinker sets too fast for commercial use. To retard this, a small pro- portion of gypsum is added. The principal advantages of portland cement over other cements are in the uniformity of the product, in the strong binding qualities and in the nicety to which the setting time can be regulated. Although the making of cement provides employment for many men, a large part of the work is done automatically. A visit to the Universal plant shows buildings that seem tenanted only by great machines going steadily about their tasks of drying, crushing, burning and powdering materials into cement every hour of every day the year around. A trip to a Universal plant not only impresses the visitor with the large scale of manufacturing operations, but with the facilities for handling, sorting, cleaning and repairing sacks. The company has more than 25 million cloth sacks that are either at its plants or in the hands of customers. The charge for sacks, as all cement buyers know, is invoiced with the cement, but a full refund is given for every sack that is returned in good or repairable condition. If this charge were not refunded, it would have to enter into the cost of building. During the war, sacks cost as much as 35 cents and were invoiced with the cement at 25 cents each. At the present price of 10 cents a sack, the charge for sacks on a job requiring 20,000 sacks of cement would total $2,000. The builder gets a large part of this $2,000 back— he gets 10 cents back for every sack that is returned in good or repairable condition. That this right to return cloth sacks and obtain refunds therefor is a privilege that saves millions of dollars to the building public annually is better appreciated when it is recollected that there are nearly 100 million sacks of cement used in the United States each vear. The sacking of cement is an interesting process. The bags themselves are out of the ordinary in that the tops are tightly wired before being filled and that the filling is done through a self-closing vent in the bottom. This vent is slipped over a spout or nozzle, a lever is pulled, cement Hows into the sack and it quickly swells much as a toy balloon. When exactly 94 pounds of cement have entered the bag, a scale automatically shuts off the flow. The bags are filled just as fast as the operator can slip them on and off the spout. UNIVERSAL CEMENT A LOW-PRICED COMMODITY About 114 tons of raw materials and 14 ton of coal (a total of 134 tons) are required to make a ton of cement. These materials must be assembled, dried, ground, pro- portioned, mixed, burned at 2800 degrees Fahrenheit to a hard clinker and then reground to an impalpable powder. In this finished state, the cement must be handled carefully to guard against moisture, packed in cloth or paper sacks or handled in bulk and loaded into cars with provisions for protection while being shipped. That nearly two tons of raw materials are required to pass through all these stages to obtain a ton of cement and that cement, including the cost of packing but excluding cost of the package itself, still sells F.O.B. cars at the mill for about $8.00 a ton, is another measure of the contribution that science has made to industrial progress. COMPARISON OF CEMENT PRICES There are two factors entering into the price the dealer or user pays for cement: Price at the mill and transportation charges from mill to point of use. The latter forms a relatively large part of the total price and obviously it is improper to compare a mill price at one time with a destina- tion price at another time; it is improper to compare a price on cement delivered at destination by railroad with a price on cement delivered by truck at site of work; it is improper to compare a price which includes a charge for the container—usually a cloth sack, the cost of which is refunded when the sack is returned in good or repairable condition—with a price which does not include a charge for the package. To avoid this and to arrive at the true relation of cement prices on different dates, prices at the mill exclusive of charge for package are the only fair basis for comparison. TRANSPORTATION A LARGE ITEM IN COST OF CEMENT While the increases in freight rates are a matter of common knowledge, it is not generally appreciated that these charges on cement from point of production to point of use have increased from 1009, to 175% or more above the rates in effect in 1914. These increases also add greatly to the cost of the 134 tons of coal and raw materials required in the manufacture of a ton of cement. The effect of freight rates on the cost of transporting cement from mill to destination is shown in the following table: Freight Rate Per Barrel of Cement From Plant at Universal (near Pittsburgh) Pa. To Pittsburgh To Cleveland @r aq ¢n of January 1, 1916 January 1, 1918 July 1, 1918. Januarv 1. 1921. 2 3 v J TRANSPORTATION THE NECK OF THE BOTTLE The traffic congestion in 1920, led some people to believe that there would not be enough cement to supply the needs of a large construction program. This was a mistaken impression based on past difficulties. The trouble during the period of heavy demand in 1920, was not lack of cement manufacturing capacity, but inability on the part of manu- ‘acturers to keep their plants operating at capacity. Cur- tailment of cement production was caused by strikes, scarcity of labor at cement plants, strikes in other lines of industry on which the cement plants are dependent, such as strikes in the gypsum plants and coal mines, and the general lack of transportation facilities including embargoes on the railroads. The ratio of cement production to manu- facturing capacity for the entire year 1919, was only about 55%, and for 1920, less than 709%. The capacity of all cement mills in the United States is 560 million sacks or more annually. The most cement ever produced in a vear was about 890 million sacks in 1920. That is to say, the country has never used, at least in any recent year, as much as 709, of its productive capacity. With adequate railroad facilities, there will be plenty of cement to supply the country’s needs. But many people are too complacent about the transportation situation. As business quickens, as general commodities begin to move, as the season progresses and the demand for coal increases, and as farm products move to market, trans- portation facilities become taxed. The railroads, like most other concerns, are not equipped to handle nearly a full year’s business in a few months. It is uneconomical. If too many people wait to order cement shipments until farmers turn loose their products and business in general quickens, it becomes difficult to obtain cars not only to transport cement and other materials from mill to market but to haul raw materials to the point of manufacture. GOOD CARS REQUIRED FOR SHIPMENT Cement, under ideal conditions, is shipped in box cars in good order, but in 1920 it was necessary to take what cars could be obtained regardless of expense and inconven- tence. Use of restricted railroad cars, privately owned cars, furnished by customers and by cement companies, stock cars, open-top cars which require the use of tarpaulins to protect the contents and bad-order box cars have to be re- sorted to, as in 1920, when it is impossible to get enough good-order cars to supply the demand. Another means adopted to keep Universal cement mov- ing to its customers in 1920 was the use of motor trucks, involving, of course, additional expense to the company and to its customers. At the Universal plant near Chicago, there were loaded as many as 618 trucks in a single day or the equivalent of 120 box cars. This was at the rate of more than a truck a minute. In 1920, total shipments of cement by truck of the Universal Co. were nearly 10 million sacks. This saved about 12,000 railroad cars in a time of acute car shortage and furnished that much extra cement to the country’s building program. UNivERsAL PLANT NEAR PrrrssurcH. THE UNIVERSAL Portranp CEMENT Co. HAs A PropuciNg Capacity OF 48,000,000 Sacks » YEAR OR 160,000 Sacks A Day. Tus 1s ENouck To DEPosiT ONE Sack Each Day at Every TeLEGRAPH PoLE FrRoM NEW York TO SAN Francisco, ANoTHER UNIVERSAL PLANT AT DururH SERVES THE GROWING NORTHWEST UNIvERSAL PorrraND CEMENT CoO. PLANT OF THE ALPHA PorTiAND CEMENT Co. PANT OF THE CASTALIA PORTLAND CEMENT Co. AT CAsTALIA. OHIO GROWTH IN SHIPMENTS OF UNIVERSAL CEMENT Shipments of Universal cement have grown from a few thousand sacks in 1900 to over 45,000,000 sacks n 1920. 3 1 32,000 Sacks 6412 000 Sacks £ 4 or © 3S So Nn 0 26,716,000 Sacks 32.708 000 Sacks 45,600,000 Sacks UNIVERSAL CEMENT IS UNIVERSALLY USED Universal cement has been used extensively in many of :he country’s largest construction projects. In Pittsburgh, for example, a few of many include the Oliver Building, Kaufmann’s Store, Kaufmann & Baer Store, Rosenbaum Store, Jenkins Arcade, William Penn Hotel, Union Arcade, ouildings of Carnegie Institute of Technology, and such ngineering works as the new Point Bridge, the Atherton Avenue Bridge and the Larimer Avenue Bridge, which is »ne of the world’s longest concrete arches. Students of the industrial and transportation situation n the Pittsburgh District know how indispensable the local rivers are to the city, and how important it is that they be kept in such shape as to be navigable practically all year. The Universal Portland Cement Co. has furnished in the past 10 years about four million sacks of cement for the construction of dams in the Allegheny, Monongahela and Ohio Rivers. Universal cement was used in the con- struction of Ohio River Dams Nos. 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 19, 20, 23, 24, 26 and 27, and is now being used in construction of Ohio River Dams 14, 25, 30 and 32, of Allegheny River Dams Nos. 8 and 5. and of Monongahela River Dam No. 6. CEMENT IS USED BUT NOT CONSUMED There is an old saying that you cannot eat your cake and have it too, and this is true of most things. Practically all commodities are consumed in use. Food is consumed. Clothing is consumed. But there is a product used but not consumed. Cement is used in making concrete, and concrete is permanent. It grows stronger with age. It cannot rust, rot, decay or burn. It endures. Concrete highways connect city and country. Concrete forms the base of well-paved streets and alleys. A gridiron of hundreds of thousands of miles of concrete sidewalks in the United States makes walking easy. Railroads are large users of concrete. Modern buildings are of reinforced con- crete. Concrete goes into many farm structures. Almost everything from chicken coops to skyscrapers rests on a concrete foundation. Up to November 1, 1921, the Universal Portland Cement Co. has shipped a total of over 500 million sacks of portland cement. This would fill over 700 thousand box cars, making a train 5,000 miles long and requiring about 18,000 locomotives to move it. This is enough to build a system of concrete roads radiating from Pittsburgh to the capital of every state in the union. Practically all this Universal cement—-500 million sacks— still serves a useful purpose. It has not been consumed but has been transformed into houses, industrial buildings, im- proved highways, water-power developments and other valu- able improvements that form additions to the permanent, taxable wealth of the country as well as tools for production of additional wealth. Universal cement is used but not consumed. The officers of the Universal Portland Cement Co. are: President, B. F. Affleck, Chicago; Secretary-Treasurer, T. J. Hyman, Chicago; General Sales Manager, Blaine S. Smith, Chicago; Eastern Sales Manager, W. S. Wing, Pittsburgh. Offices are maintained at Chicago, Pitts- burgh, Minneapolis, Cleveland, Duluth, New York. ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY The Alpha Portland Cement Company was organized on the Sth day of April, 1895. A Charter was granted by the State of New Jersey on the 10th day of the same month and year and the first meeting of the Board of Jirectors was duly held on the 18th day of April, 1895. The total amount of Capital Stock was then $500,000.00 divided into 5,000 shares of a par value of $100.00 per share with 100 shares outstanding. From this small beginning the Company gradually increased in size and importance. About the middle of 1895, the property of the Whitaker Cement Company was acquired. In the period beginning from December 1st, 1895, to November 30th, 1896, the frst full year in which actual records of the production of cement by the company were kept, there was manufactured 834,176 sacks of Alpha. From that period on the com- pany has enjoyed a steady growth, both in number of plants operated and in capital involved. Not content with the additions made to the original units, the company purchased in 1902, the Martins Creek Portland Cement Company at Martins Creek, Pa., which had established a mill on the upper Delaware some seven miles above Easton. A second large plant was purchased in 1905, from the National Portland Cement Company, also located at Martins Creek. Reconstructing and im- proving both of these plants, the Alpha Company soon found itself among leaders in the industry. Following the policy of not building new plants, but always buying and reconstructing old ones which had proved their merits and worth, the company acquired in the early part of 1909, the Buckhorn Portland Cement Company located near Manheim, W. Va. In the latter part of 1909, the Catskill Cement Company, located near Catskill, N. Y., was purchased, and in 1917, the plant of the Thos. Millen Co. at Jamesville, N. Y. Still further units were acquired during the latter part of 1920, when three additional plants in the Middle West were purchased, namely, at LaSalle, Illinois, Bellevue, Michigan, and Ironton, Ohio. With the acquisition of these properties, the company now owns ten plants, strategically located with respect to distribution, and serving a territory extending from the Atlantic seaboard to the Mississippi. As stated in another paragraph, the original capitaliza- tion of the company was $500,000.00. At various times this was increased until the present capitalization is $25,000,000.00, consisting of 250,000 shares of stock of the par value of $100.00 each, divided into 230,000 shares of common and 20,000 shares of preferred. There is outstanding at the present time the entire preferred issue and 158,000 shares of the common. The officers are as follows: President, G. S. Brown, Easton, Pa.; Vice Presidents, F. G. McKelvy, Easton, Pa.; C. A. Irvin, Chicago; F. M. Coogan, Easton, Pa.; Secretary, R. S. Gerstell, Easton, Pa.; Treasurer, John J. Metthes, Easton, Pa.; Assistant Treasurer, F. G. Lyons, Easton, Pa.; Assistant Secretary and Assistant Treasurer, W. E. Viets, Chicago. The company maintains two general offices, the parent one being located at Easton. Pa. with a second at Chicago, TI. The total man-hours worked during the year of 1920, amounted to 6,033,489 hours. Using an average of 3,000 hours per man per year, we find that the average number of men employed at the plants amounted to 2,011. The total payroll for the same year amounted to $3,030,306.34. The Alpha Company manufactured during the year 1920, slightly in excess of 24,000,000 sacks of Portland Cement. This latter figure, however, does not begin to represent the true output of the works, which at full capacity could manufacture more than 32.000.000 sacks per year. CASTALIA PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY The Castalia Portland Cement Company was organized in 1897, with a capital of $150,000 which has been increased to $750,000. Its plant is located at Castalia, Ohio, with its general offices in Pittsburgh. Cement was first shipped from this plant twenty-three years ago. Many of the leading dealers in builders’ supplies in the United States who placed their orders with this company at that time have been ordering regularly aver since. They are today great boosters of the famous “Tiger” brand cement. This is certainly the highest testimonial the company could ask for regarding the quality of its product. Cement manufactured by this company has been used in the construction of some of the most important work throughout the country. Marl and clay are used in the manufacture of this cement which has always stood second to none in quality. It is made by what is known as the Wet Process. After the marl and clay pass through the grinding mills, the mixture goes to a system of correction tanks. The mix contained in these tanks is then accurately analyzed so as to assure the correct proportion of lime, alumina and silica required for the proper burning in the kilns. Owing to this method of controlling the raw mix, no other cement company turns out a more uniform cement as to fineness, color, crushing and tensile strength than the Castalia Portland Cement Company. In the present manufacture of cement, the Castalia Company uses special machinery for grinding the raw materials which has been constructed especially for its own particular need. Pulverized coal is burned in the kilus finely ground by mills built especially for this purpose. During the last three years this plant has been prac- tically rebuilt and is now equipped throughout with the most modern up-to-date machinery. Every department is operated by electric power. This improvement has greatly increased its output. helping the company to overcome the difficulty it has experienced in the past years in not being able to produce sufficient cement to meet the increased demand. The men in charge of the company’s affairs have had a long, practical experience. The President has been identified with the cement industry for more than forty years, in fact, ever since Portland cement was manufactured in this country. At that time, the raw material was ground, then mixed in a pug mill and made into bricks, yurned in vertical kilns, using coke as a fuel. Burr stones were used for grinding the clinker into a finished product. Horizontal revolving kilns are now used to burn the clinker and it is ground in large revolving tube mills with forged steel balls. On account of the increasing demand for cement, both in the construction of new roads and building, the company is now doing a verv prosperous business. PORTLAND CEMENT OUTPUT Production and shipments of Portland cement in the United States continued to increase during August, 1921, and according to available statistics scored new high records for that month. The August production exceeded the average for August, 1917-1921, by about 15 per cent. Production for the first eight months of 1921 was about 99 per cent of the quantity produced during the correspond- ing period of 1920 and exceeded the average for the first sight months of 1917 to 1921 by about 8.5 per cent. As is usual in summer, the August shipments exceeded production, and the total for the eight months just ended was equivalent to more than 99 per cent of the record quantity shipped in the first eight months of 1920. The average for the same period during the five years 1917-1921 was exceeded by about 9.5 per cent. Stocks of finished cement at mills at the end of August were approximately 38,120,000 sacks, compared with 33,764,000 sacks on January 1, 1921, and with the average of about 38,400.000 sacks for August during the last five “TS. The production of clinker (unground cement) also established a record for August, the output being in excess of 87,200,000 sacks. Clinker production for the eight months amounted to slightly less than 252,000,000 sacks. These statistics, prepared by Ernest F. Burchard, of United States Geological Survey, are based mainly on reports from producers of Portland cement and in part on estimated data. They indicate that the present demand for cement is greater than might be expected in comparison with that for other mineral commodities. The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce, reports that imports of hydraulic cement in July amounted to 13,816 sacks, valued at $9,562; the total for the first seven months of 1921 was 197,056 sacks, valued at $184,577. The exports of hydraulic cement in July were 324,364 sacks, valued at $293,960; the total exports for the seven-month period were 3.057.732 sacks. valued at $2.958.280. FIRST NATIONAL BANK AT PITTSBURGH The First National Bank at Pittsburgh is a progressive financial institution of large resources. Every facility in Domestic and Foreign Banking is afforded to corporations, firms and individuals. Exports and imports are facilitated by our Foreign Exchange Department. This institution has established direct banking con- nections in all parts of the World, which are a great con- venience in the handling of documents pertaining to Foreign Commercial Transactions. All branches of International Banking are completely covered by our facilities. We issue drafts and make payments in all parts of the World. We handle Trade and Bankers’ Acceptances. All languages are spoken in this department. Officers of this institution are trained bankers with a v'de experience, and its directors are successful men in a large variety of enterprises, affording a broad scope of business knowledge. Capital. . .. Surplus Resources, over. . . . $5,000,000.00 8,000,000.00 66,000,000.00 OFFICERS RoBErT WarDrROP Chairman of the Boar Lawrence E. Saxps. . Frank F. Brooks. . Crype C. Tavior.. Josep W. Warp. J. HowArD ARTHUR. . Wirriam H. Fawcett. Tromas B. Hupson. . Joan K. McKzE. Joan DeM. WEeRTs Oscar WiLsoN. . . Wu. J. Frank. . .. Manager Foreign Department P. W. DAHINDEN. . ........... Assistant Manager Foreign Department .. Assistant Manager Foreign Department .. President .. Vice-President .... Vice-President and Cashier ovo... Vice-President .... Assistant to the President Assistant Cashier vo. Assistant Cashier oo... Assistant Cashier ...dAssistant Cashier Assistant Cashier J. Pavur Forp. DIRECTORS Joun A. Beck.. ......President Big Four Oil & Gas Co., Pitisburgh, Pa. Frank F. BrooEs. ... .. Vice-President HexrY CHALFANT............. President Spang, Chalfant & Co., Inc. W. L. CLAUSE... .....Chairman, Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. GeorGE W. CRAWFORD... .. ....Retired Banker Ww. L. Curry. CM anufacturer, Pittsburgh, Pa. JorN A. DONALDSON. .. ...... Vice-President Pitisburgh Coal Company W. D. GEORGE... ..Real Estate; Receiver Pittsburgh Railways Company Wu. H. HEARNE. .......Director La Belle Iron Works, Steubenville, 0. J. H. HiLuMax, Jr., Chair. of Board Hillman Coal & Coke Co., Pittsburgh B. F. Joxgs, 8rd. ..... Assistant Treasurer, Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. D. T. Layman, Jr.. ....Henry Phipps Estate F. H. Luoyp...... .. President Pittsburgh Dry Goods Co. James A. McCREA.. . ...Vice-President Cenlral Region Penna. R. R. A. M. MORELAND. . .....Capitalist P. W. Moraan... .....President East Pittsburgh National Bank J. PAINTER, JR. . wonv......Capitalist, formerly Iron Manufacturer Wu. A. RENSHAW. ..........Jokn A. Renshaw & Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. A. C. RoBIiNsON.. _.. President Peoples Savings & Trusi Company Lawrence E. Sanps........ . . President Isaac M. Scorr. . .....President Wheeling Steel Corporation BENaMIN THAW. . «......Capitalist and Trustee Thaw Estate RoBERT WARDROP. . . .... Director of Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland and Vice President, Peoples Savings & Trust Company Jory M. Wirson. . Vice-President National Supply Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. RP DE TE LEO TEIN ESI) ES OTERO SOTO bryos rrr ses TES 000 A OIL ETI FIRST NATIONAL BANK AT PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA i nr FIFTH AVENUE AND WOOD STREET CONVENIENT FOR YOU corn EA 1 0 DADA AEE SEE EER: I ia ‘gi fio Hl EES iO z nN wo No ‘ NS 0 th B 3 ND fy -_ 0 ml ol - mom A pr 8 - Ty 2D 0 O () 0 NN oO — QO J J ~~ > ~~ The production of clinker (unground cement) also established a record for August, the output being in excess of 37,200,000 sacks. Clinker production for the eight months amounted to slightly less than 252,000,000 sacks. These statistics, prepared by Ernest F. Burchard, of United States Geological Survey, are based mainly on reports from producers of Portland cement and in part on estimated data. They indicate that the present demand for cement is greater than might be expected in comparison with that for other mineral commodities. The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce, reports that imports of hydraulic cement in July amounted to 18,816 sacks, valued at $9,562; the total for the first seven months of 1921 was 197,056 sacks, valued at $184,577. The exports of hydraulic cement in July were 324,364 sacks, valued at $293,960; the total exports for the seven-month period were 3,057,732 sacks. valued at $2.958.280. 3 gq t FIRST NATIONAL BANK AT PITTSBURGH The First National Bank at Pittsburgh is a progressive financial institution of large resources. Every facility in Domestic and Foreign Banking is afforded to corporations, firms and individuals. Exports and imports are facilitated by our Foreign Exchange Department. This institution has established direct banking con- nections in all parts of the World, which are a great con- venience in the handling of documents pertaining to Foreign Commercial Transactions. All branches of International Banking are completely covered by our facilities. We issue drafts and make payments in all parts of the World. We handle Trade and Bankers’ Acceptances. All languages are spoken in this department. Officers of this institution are trained bankers with a wide experience, and its directors are successful men in a I 1 + i oO © =. 3 D x 0 »> oo » J 0 J