an iE ! LE — = Cp ET FFT An edition of 100 of which this is No. D “er ‘ This volume is a combination of a series of booklets published by the First National Bank at Pittsburgh, in exposition of our city’s progress in business and culture. It is fitting that this record be dedicated to the memory of the late beloved president of the First National Bank, Mr. Lawrence E. Sands, whose vision and work has made a very deep impression upon the general welfare of this community. May we hope that this volume will be worthy of a place in your library, not only for your own pleasure and information, but also for any inspiration it may furnish for a future generation to maintain and enhance the fine traditions of the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Tue FIRST NATIONAL BANK AT PITTSBURGH, PirrsBUrGH, Pa. The Story of PITTSBURGH Volume One Number Thirteen Diversified Products First National Bank at Pittsburgh April, 1927 This booklet, prepared and published by the First National Bank at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is one of a series issued, from time to time, since August, 1919, portraying the various industries of the Pittsburgh district, with the inteution of emphasizing the importance of Pittsburgh as a commercial and financial metroplis. A large number of its many industries have been described in the booklets, of which thirteen, in all, have been published, to date. The following is a list of the subjects discussed, with the date of issue: Vol. 1, No. 1—Introductory Booklet... ..August, 1919 Vol. 1, No. 2—Iron and Steel... ........September, 1919 Vol. 1, No. 3—Iron and Steel (Part 2)... .January, 1920 Vol. 1, No. 4—Coal and Coke. .......... June, 1920 Vol. 1, No. 5—Glass. . . .. December, 1920 Vol. 1, No. 6—Electrical Appliances... ... March, 1921 Vol. 1, No. 7—Radum.... .....August, 1921 Vol. 1, No. 8—Cement and Concrete. . . .. December, 1921 Vol. 1, No. 9—Clay Products. . ......... December, 1922 Vol. 1, No. 10—Petroleum and Natural Gas...... .December, 1923 Vol. 1, No. 11—Petroleum and Natural Gas (Part 2)...........December, 1924 Vol. 1, No. 12—Food Products. . .December, 1925 Vol. 1, No. 183—Diversified Products. . . . .. April, 1927 The Story of Pittsburgh Diversified Products CIE oe {IE previous issues of this series of booklets, telling the Story of Pittsburgh, as it is related in the great business which this city is doing, have dealt with the chief industries of the community, which are most widely known. The object of the First National Bank at Pittsburgh, however, has not been merely to speak of the basic industrial enterprises, but also to inform the world of many ather lines in wich Pittsburgh is prominent. Naturally enough, in an industrial metropolis known all over the world as “the Iron City,” the metallurgical industries are by far the most important. Without them other industries could not exist, and therefore previous issues of these booklets have handled Iron and Steel in a thorough manner, and in a way which has been a great satisfaction to Pittsburghers at home and Pittsburghers abroad, and to the :ustomers of Pittsburghers in all parts of the world. Then there was a time when Pittsburgh was known as “the Natural Gas City.” At that period natural gas was produced in vast quantities close to the city limits, and scarcely any other fuel was used in the community, whether for homes or for great manufacturing plants. The tremendous quantities of gas consumed cut deeply into the supply, and it became necessary to go further and further away, drilling wells and bringing the gas from many miles distant. Pittsburgh is still the greatest user of natural gas of all the cities of the world, especially in the winter, when dwellings are heated, as well as many factories deriving fuel for manufacturing purposes. These factories can get much more gas in the summer. time, when residences are using but little, and the additions then to their fuel supply, from the natural gas fields, maintain the steady use of Nature’s fuel. Associated with natural gas is petroleum, and Pittsburgh has always been one of the most important centers for the development of oil fields. Our booklets have given in detail the rise and progress of the oil and gas development, the particulars of which have greatly surprised people who thought themselves thoroughly familiar with the great oil and gas industry. Without coal it would have been impossible for the iron and steel and oil and gas industries to start and grow, for this form of fuel is of vital importance, and it is no wonder that the First National Bank’s booklet on Coal had a wide reading. Many other Pittsburgh industries have been discussed, cne of the businesses perhaps less known but of great importance, being Radium, which formed the subject of a booklet. Then came Food Products; the extent of Pittsburgh’s interest in the production, preservation and distrisition of food making a booklet of decided importance In the present issue a number of “Diversified Products” of Pittsburgh and its environs are discussed, with particulars of the origin of the businesses, the location and cost of the plants, the officers of the concerns, and the number of men emploved in the several businesses ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA There is a wonderful romance about aluminum, the silver-white metal of extreme lightness, familiar to all, through its use in the manufacture of domestic articles, as well as in articles which are not often seen about the house. Not every one, however, knows that aluminum is the most common element in nature, with the exception of oxygen and silicon. About 89, of the earth’s crust is aluminum, and it is twice as plentiful in nature as iron, for it occurs in many minerals, clays and earths, but no process has yet been discovered of extracting the metal from common clay, although chemists have heen working on the problem for vears. Aluminum can be extracted only from a single widelyscattered and generally little known mineral called bauxite, and the expense of extracting it from that mineral is very heavy. The presence of aluminum in the earth’s crust was known to scientists for many years before it was actually isolated and obtained in metallic form. It was a young American, Charles Martin Hall, who made the momentous discovery, in 1886, that has given aluminum to the world. He was only 22 years of age at the time, and a student of Oberlin College. Mr. Hall applied for a patent covering his discovery, in the year named, but it was not issued until 1889. The patent expired in 1904. In 1888 Mr. Hall associated himself with some other yeung men in Pittsburgh, and formed the Aluminum Company of America. These men are the pioneers of the aluminum industry, and, except as death has thinned their ranks, they and their company have developed aluminum, in the short space of 38 years, from a laboratory curiosity into cne of the most important metals of everyday use. It was under the guidance of these men that aluminum in the United States was reduced in price from $8 a pcund to 25 cents pound, and its uses extended to such a degree that it is now a necessity of civilized life. In the year 1888 there was no consumption of aluminum at all; today the world is consuming the metal at the rate of 250,000,000 pounds a year. This indispensable metal is chiefly the product of labor. A ton of the material has a value in excess of $500. The raw materials, unimproved by labor, required to produce this ton of aluminum, are not worth over $25. Least valuable of all is the bauxite, which must be mined, treated, transported and put through an elaborate chemical process. Coal must be mined, transported, and its energy turned into steam; limestone must be quarried, transported and treated; common salt must be produced and put through an extensive chemical process to produce soda ash; cryolite is produced in the Arctic Circle and brought from that distant field; fluorspar is mined at considerable hazard and expense, and is highly treated; the carbons used are the product of elaborate manufacture, using as raw products materials which have progressed through other stages of manufacture in the coal tar and oil industry, and the hydro-electricity used is practically all labor, since it represents the harnessing of water. Coal, limestone and water power are not found in proximity to the bauxite. In America the bauxite is carried 400 miles to the plant which refines it. The resulting alumina is transported from 600 to 1200 miles to the point where hydro-electricity is available. Beginning in 1888, with an investment of $20,000, in a plant 20 feet by 100 feet in size, with a daily capacity of a few pounds of aluminum and employing five persons, the Aluminum Company of America has grown into a corporation with an investment of $200,000,000 in more than 20 plants, having a capacity of 170,000,000 pounds a year, and employing 20,000 people. Its payrolls aggregate $24,000,000 a year, and its taxes, municipal, State and Federal, are $3,200,000 a year. The company was recapitalized and re-‘ncorporated in July, 1925. For the ten years ending December 31, 1926, the net income of the company after taxes and depreciation available for interest has averaged ver $12,000,000 per annum and for the last three years such aet income has been, respectively: 1924—$13,425,266.69; 1925—$22,891,505.40; and 1926—$19,747,068.85. The company has acquired a large water power on the Sanguenay River, in the Province of Quebec, and has constructed there a large almuinum producing plant, which is now in operation. The company and its subsidiaries own and operate plants at East St. Louis, Ill, Niagara Falls, N.Y.; Massena, N. Y.; Edgewater, N. J.; New Kensington, near Pittsburgh; Shawinigan Falls, Quebec; Toronto, Oncario; Badin, N. C., and Alcoa, Tenn. Ample deposits of oauxite are owned in Arkansas, British Guiana, Dutch Guiana, and other foreign countries. The offices of the Aluminum Company of America are in the Henry W. Oliver building, Pittsburgh. Arthur V. Davis is president; the vice presidents are Roy A. Hunt, R. E. Withers, E. S. Fickes, Edward K. Davis, C. H. Moritz, W. P. King and G. R. Gibbons. G. R. Gibbons is secretary and R. E. Withers is treasurer. ARMSTRONG CORK COMPANY The Armstrong Cork Company had its beginning in a small room at the corner of Smithfield Street and Diamond Alley, Pittsburgh, in the year 1860, when Thomas M. Armstrong and John D. Glass purchased the hand-cut cork business of Harry Overington, a former workman of William King of New York City, the first person to manufacture corks in the United States. Mr. Glass died in 1864 and shortly afterward his interest in the business was purchased by William L. Standish and Robert D. Armstrong, a brother of Thomas M. Armstrong. The name cf the firm was then changed to Armstrong, Brother & Company, and the business was moved to a location on Third Avenue in the rear of the old St. Charles Hotel. Somewhat later the factory was moved to First Avenue where it remained until 1878, when the continued expansion of the business made necessary the purchase of land for a much larger plant in the area bounded by Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth and Railroad Streets and the Allegheny River, the site of the present Pittsburgh factory, warehouse and office build’ ngs. The erection of the new factory was but one step in the expansion of the Ccmpany which has been going on steadily ever since. In 1893 the Lancaster Cork Works at Lancaster, Pa., was purchased to supply more efficiently the trade in in the east; in 1900 a new plant was erected at Beaver Falls, Pa., for the manufacture of corkboard insulation from the waste developed in the making of bottle stoppers and other cork products, and in 1904 a similar factory at Camden, N.J., was purchased from the Nonpareil Cork Manufacturing Company. For many years the Company had secured corkwood. the outer bark of the cork oak tree, from various sources in the cork producing countries. But in 1906 the business had grown to the pcint where it was necessary to build a factory at Seville, Spain, for the preparation of its raw material. This was the forerunner of a large foreign organization which now numbers some sixteen plants in southern France and northern Africa. ed EC Tr General Office and Pittsburgh Plant, Armstrong Cork Co. In 1907 the Company entered an entirely new field, the manufacture of linoleum, and built a plant at Lancaster, Pa., which has been added to repeatedly until now it is the largest factory of its kind in the country. Since then three additional plants, at Oakdale, Pa., New Brunswick, N. J., and Algeciras, Spain, and many new products have been added until now the Company sells to almost every industry—cork stoppers of all descriptions, cork gaskets and floats for automobiles and other machines, seamless cork cots for spinning rolls in textile mills, cork compositions for innersoling and box toes in shoes, linoleum of all kinds, cork carpets, felt base floor coverings, flooring tile of pure cork and cork composition, corkboard for the insulation of cold storage rooms, refrigerators, and the walls and roofs of residences and other buildings, cork covering for refrigerated pipe lines, heat insulation for steam pipes, boilers, furnaces, ovens, kilns, stills, ete., cork brick for floors in dairy barns and hog houses, cork machinery isolation for deadening noise and vibration of moving machinery, and a host of other articles made of natural or composition cork, such as pen holder tips, insoles, yacht fenders, handles, washers, discs, etc. Because of the varied character and use of these products, their sale is handled through three main sales divisions— Cork Division, Linoleum Division and Insulation Division. with offices in all of the principal cities. At the present time, the Armstrong Cork Company owns, directly or through subsidiaries, seven factories in the United States, in addition to sixteen plants in the cork producing countries for the collection and preparation of raw material. Two of these foreign plants produce finished materials as well. The Company is a Pennsylvania corporation and employs approximately 5.000 persons. A. M. BYERS COMPANY Established in 1864 as Graff, Byers & Co., incorporated in 1893 as A. M. Byers & Co., and in 1903 under its present name, the A. M. Byers Company makes and sells approxi- mately half the genuine wrought iron pipe today manufactured in the United States. In the early years bars, sheets, etc., as well as pipe, were made. Now the entire output of the company’s puddle mills is required in the manufacture of Byers Pipe, couplings and nipples. Surplus of pig iron, made primarily for supplying the company’s puddle furnaces, is sold to the foundries within shipping distance of the blast furnace at Girard, Ohio. Typical of the unvarying policy which the Byers Company has pursued in maintaining the highest standards of quality, and in building into its pipe the longest possible life, it is noteworthy that its rolled products have always been made of unadulterated wrought iron with no admixture of scrap of any nature whatsoever. In this connection it is interesting to examine the picture of the old puddle mill, shown on the opposite page. It stands on the site of the original Byers plant, and the sheets which form the siding and roofing were made in Byers own works in 1881. Without paint, without galvanizing, and practically without repairs, these wrought iron sheets have served for 45 years in the smoke and sulphur laden atmosphere of the industrial plants and railroad yards of Pittsburgh’s South Side. Their condition today makes it appear that these old sheets will last for another generation. Many records of old Byers Pipe in buildings that have been dismantled also show uninterrupted service for forty, fifty and more years—all bespeaking the exceptional life of old-fashioned wrought iron. While higher in first cost than modern steel pipe, the lasting qualities of Byers Genuine Wrought Iron Pipe make it particularly adapted for permanent installation where ultimate cost per year of service is the dominant consideration. It finds its chief uses in the plumbing, heating and other pipe systems of large buildings; in railway service, particularly for locomotive piping and for airbrake lines; in the oil and gas fields, both in the wells and long distance pipe lines; for water and gas service lines, and other underground installations; in industrial plants for handling process liquids, hot water, steam returns and in other similar services where corrosion is a factor to be reckoned with. Upper: A Section of the Pittsburgh Mill. Right: A Puddler at work. A. M. Byers Company, Manufacturers of Genuine Wrought Iron Pine and Oil Country Tubular Products. The higher cost of Byers Pipe originates in the oldfashioned puddling operation—slow and laborious, but the only known method of producing the highest quality of wrought iron. However, to the eye of the layman, genuine wrought iron looks much like the cheaper metal, steel. It has therefore been necessary for the Byers Company to devise distinguishing marks for their product, and for more than ten years the name Byers in raised letters, followed by two figures indicating year of manufacture, have been rolled into the metal and repeated each three or four feet on every ength of Byers pipe. Since early in 1925, an additional marking has been provided in the form of a colored stripe which winds around each piece of pipe from end to end. It is painted on by machinery in the course of the several inspections to which the pipe is subjected prior to shipment. This stripe is visible from any angle, at distances of 50 feet or more, and makes Byers Pipe, either black or galvanized, the most zasily identified of any pipe made. Byers nipples are also marked with the Byers name and the thickness; that is. whether standard or extra heavy weight. Among the notable modern structures in which many miles of Byers Pipe are in service, are the Woolworth Build: ing and the Pennsylvania Hotel, New York; Stevens Hotel, Chicago; William Penn Hotel, Pittsburgh; Southwestern Bell Telephone Building, St. Louis; Standard Oil Building, Baltimore; General Motors Building, Detroit; Dexter-Horton National Bank, Seattle; Seville-Biltmore Hotel, Havana; Marunouchi Building, Tokio, and many others equally well known. The Byers Company operates a blast furnace, puddle and rolling mills at Girard, Ohio, and puddle and pipe mills at Sixth and Bingham Streets, South Side, Pittsburgh. These two plants employ from 2,500 to 3,000 men. The principal business office of the company is at 235 Water Street, Pittsburgh, with the general sales office in the Union Bank Building, Pittsburgh. Branch sales offices are maintained in Boston, New York, Rochester, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Chicago, St. Louis, Jacksonville, Birmingham, Houston, Tulsa and Los Angeles. The capital stock of the company consists of $4,500,000 seven per cent cumulative preferred stock, and 150.000 shares common stock without par value. The present officers of the company are: E. M. Byers, chairman of the board of directors; A. H. Beale, president; J. Frederick Byers, L. M. Johnston, E. L. Ives, vice-presidents; Frank G. Love, secretary and treasurer; H. H. Bryant, assistant secretary and assistant treasurer; C. G. Jensen. comptroller: W. S. Graham. auditor. DAMASCUS BRONZE COMPANY Along with the growth of the steel industry and railroads in Pittsburgh, there came a rebirth of the ancient industry of bronze founding. Bronze had been used throughout the ages for coins and statuary, and it was this time-tried alloy that has made possible the development of heavy rolling in our mills. Bronze and its close relative, babbitt, are carrying the locomotives and cars of our railroads in unprecedented volume. The rolls in many mills operate at a dull red heat and with scanty lubrication. The bearings are therefore called on not only to withstand high temperatures, but to support the rolls at the tremendous pressures encountered. Different conditions require different formulae and this fact has necessitated the use of all the helps of modern science in the present day manufacture of bearings. It is by the recognition of this fact that Damascus Bronze Company has grown from the small beginning in 1879, with a capital of less than $5,000, to a company owning assets of well over a million dollars. M. J. Graney may be called the father of the present company, when he started his foundry on Church Street in old Allegheny. Later was associated with him William T. Paul, and then came Frank Scott and George A. McLean, all of whom greatly aided the company’s growth. John T. Brown was appointed manager in 1892 and until his death in 1918 was a well known figure in Pittsburgh industry. The products of the company include bronze bearings, bronze and alloy ingots and babbitt metals. These are St er mS HRARE SE mn S E et N a aa re mires pt are om +e nm pms emi 4 are ee mms es SL men ELE Sf JS Mr Mi I i oii TI a Rl ia NT el ss Smee dl Fs BET mT ae. OE peg ve de ow Tal Bene wailed of alin BT ET ALF BNI baer see os Main Office and Plant. Damascus Bronze Co.. Pittsbursh. Pa shipped to all parts of the world, as “Damascus Better Bearings’ are known wherever steel is rolled. The present policy of the company is the same as that which produced its growth and requires the use of virgin metal mixtures in high grade bearings. The management is in the hands of William B. Klee, president; William K. Frank, vice president and general manager; Edwin B. Ross, secretary, and these with Isaac W. Frank and William E. Cartwright, constitute the board of directors. FORT PITT BEDDING COMPANY The Fort Pitt Bedding Company, located on Liverpool Street and Preble Avenue, North Side, was incorporated in May, 1906, for the sole purpose of manufacturing bedding— the main articles being mattresses, bed springs, steel cots, steel couches, double deck bunks, pillows, automobile seats and the nationally known Sealy Mattresses. Some of the products are shipped into every state in the Union. The stockholders and officers are as follows: W. L. Trimble, president; Chas. P. Trimble, secretary and treasurer; H. E. Wolf, general manager. The payroll consists of 180 employees. The company operates its own printing department and has a first-class machine shop. Extensive additions have been made to the plant in the past 10 years. Recently, this company with 24 other bedding factories located throughout the United States, bought out the Sealy Mattress Company of Texas, which concern made what is known as the Famous Sealy Tuftless Mattress and this mattress is now being manufactured and distributed by 25 Sealy factories. GOLDEN- ANDERSON VALVE SPECIALTY CO. The Golden-Anderson Valve Specialty Co. was incorporated in Pennsylvania in May, 1905, to specialize in the manufacture and sale of automatic control valves for steam and water service, and its products are nationally known for their superiority in design, construction and operation. The company furnishes all the leading water works, railroads and industrial plants with its automatic valves because they are indispensable for efficient and economic operation and for preventing loss of life and property in case of accidents. The valves are furnished in bronze, cast iron and cast steel, according to the service requirements and conditions. Prominence was given to the correct mechanical design of these valves by tests made by the Steel Corporation, who wanted only the best for life and property protection, and the Golden-Anderson valves proved their merit and durability over all competitive makes of similar valves which were included in that test. The company only builds automatic control valves, and most prominent among its designs are automatic valves for boilers to protect life and property in case of boiler or steam line explosions; for steam engines to prevent fly-wheel explosions; altitude valves to maintain a constant water level in tanks, standpipes and reservoirs without the use of floats or complicated fixtures; and regulating pressure valves for reducing a higher pressure to a lower fixed pressure. The officers of the company are C. E. Golden, president; E. V. Anderson, vice president; D. B. Golden, treasurer, and J. A. Voland, secretary. Representatives of the company are established in all the principal cities of the United States. THE HEPPENSTALL FORGE & KNIFE CO. Back in 1889, in a little building about twenty-five by fifty feet, the Samuel Trethewey & Co., Ltd., was organized for the manufacture of shears and rolling mill machinery. Samuel Trethewey, the founder of this company, held some patents on certain parts of steam hammers and shears. The next year, 1890, the name of the firm was changed to the Trethewey Manufacturing Co. and the plant was moved to a plot of ground fifty by one hundred thirty-five feet, at 47th and Hatfield Streets, about the middle of the present location of the Heppenstall Forge and Knife Co. At this same time, the company also began the manufacture of shear knives. HreppeENSTALL ForgeE & Knire CoMPANY In December, 1895, the company was reorganized under the name of the Pittsburgh Shear Knife and Machine Co., under the management of Sam Heppenstall, who had purchased stock in the original company in 1889, and had actively entered its employ in 1893. It was in 1893, shortly after entering the company, that Mr. Heppenstall had a vision of a better shear knife than they were putting out—a shear knife with four cutting edges instead of one, as shear knives were then manufactured. Despite the protests that it could not be done, Mr. Heppenstall made a shear knife with four cutting edges, and today all shear knives are manufactured with four cutting edges. On January 5, 1904, the company was reorganized unger the name of the Heppenstall Forge and Knife Co., with Sam Heppenstall as president, and Charles William Heppenstall 2s manoger, and began the manufacture of forgings and shear knives, in which work it is still engaged. The plant has grown from that small building in 1889, to one covering six city blocks, where one may follow the steps of making a steel forging or a shear knife, from the melting of the steel, through the forging, heat treating, and machining to the finished product. In 1911 an auxiliary plant was organized in Bridgeport, Conn., which was called the Heppenstall Forge Co., and in 1919 another branch warehouse was opened in Detroit, Michigan, under the name of the Heppenstall Steel Co. The company also maintains sales offices in all the large ties. In 1920 Sam Heppenstall resigned from the active presidency to become chairman of the board, and his son, Charles William Heppenstoall, was elected president, with Samuel B. Heppenstall as vice-president. Today, the Heppenstall Forge & Knife Co. manufactures die blocks, hammer rams, piston rods, crankshafts, pinions, many other kinds of forgings and shear knives, and sends them to all corners of the globe. Today, also, the third generation of Heppenstall is working his way up through the plant, in the person of Robert B. Heppenstall, son of the president, THE O. HOMMEL CO. About thirty-five years ago, in a room in a building in the downtown section of Pittsburgh, O. Hommel, the head of this company, started the business by supplying makers of picture frames, gilders of ornaments, lithographers, painters and manufacturers of other surfaced material with a bronze powder imported from Germany. This room enclosed the office and the receiving and selling departments. The business progressed and from this humble beginning has arisen a large factory, covering approximately three acres of ground at Carnegie, Pa., with general and executive offices at Carnegie and Pittsburgh and sales offices in the most important sities of the United States, the vested interests approximating syne half million dollars. “Quality First” was the motto, coupled with the watchword “Service,” and Mr. Hommel realized that, in order to insure to the trade uniform material and satisfactory deliveries, it would be necessary to go into the manufacturing business. Bronze Powder has an extensive use in surfacing. You see it on wall paper and moldings, picture frames, lamp bases of every variety and shades of bronze; labels; letter heads; Christmas cards; radiators; pipe; gilt painting, especially on iron objects, indoors and out, and on many other sbiects. Soon after the bronze factory was well established the company embarked in the production of oxides and colors for use in glass, pottery and iron enamel tiades. With the motto “Quality is remembered long after price is forgotten,” always in view, the company is always reaching out for something better. With Mr. Hommel’s long experience and study of industries which it serves and with his staff of expert assistants this branch of the business has grown to large proportions, and has become one of immense value to the ceramic industry. Every color of oxide and almost every shade of colors are produced for the iron enamel trade, and all varieties of known colors are brought out for the glass and pottery trade and art decorators. A person admiring the beautiful colors in a piece of porcelain, glass or enamel ware—and enameled stove colored in mahogany, black and white and other colors—has no idea of the long, tedious, painstaking work required to produce a color. Often it takes an expert years to bring cut a particular shade. An important branch of the company’s system is the research department. A large laboratory fully equipped is maintained where new colors are produced, better methods for using old and new materials are developed, and where the materials manufactured are tested to keep them uniform. This department is famous throughout the United States, Canada and Mexico. Not a day passes but some query comes in by phone, by mail or by person asking for the correct or most approved method of using some material. Mr. Hommel, together with his staff of experts, are often called upon as consultants by glass, pottery and iron enamel manufacturers who are having technical or other difficulties. In the early days, the method of blending and shading colors on pottery and glass was crude Stippling and dry dusting were tried and discarded as unsatisfactory. Mr. Hommel, seeing the possibilities in the advancement of decorating if an instrument or tool could be made to produce the proper effects with his experts, set to work on the problem. The result was the air brush—a spraying tool operated oy compressed air. The air brush has revolutionized the glass and pottery industries. By its use every variety of shade and blend of color are applied to ware. This we see in lamp shades and bases; white lamps in hospitals, trains and offices, with blends of ivory effects; vases of every color and shade; and other articles too numerous to mention. Nearly every pottery and glass factory now has its decorating shop, many making this the important part of their business. Thousands of men and women are employed in these shops in all manner of art decorating. The air brush has been developed and improved until now there is an air brush for every kind of surfacing from the smallest piece of art china or glassware to the largest objects—even house painting. The industry has an appeal to the educational institutions of the city. Every year chemical students from our high schools, by request, are conducted through the plant. They are shown chemical and smelting departments where oxides of all colors and shades are made for the iron enamel trade; the mill or grinding rooms where colors are made and mixed for the pottery, glass and other decorating trades; the”gold . v v mn room where pure gold is converted into form;for use on gold encrusted ware; and the heavy stamp and polishing” rooms A corner in the Bronze Powder Room. Intermediate process. 0. Hommel Co., Carnegie, Pa. where copper, zinc and aluminum are made into gold and silver bronze powder. In addition many visitors come annually from other states and from foreign lands to visit the factory. The ccmpany’s close association with other factories in this country and in Europe places it in a pesition to furnish art decorations, potteries, glass factories and iron enamel works with tools and supplies of every nature required and of the best quality. Not the least among these are porcelain grinding balls and lining bricks used in mills for grinding enamel, color and dry earth powder of every kind: and erind- ing jars or mills. They have also in course of development pyrometer tubes for use with heat recording instruments. The O. Hommel Co. is continually taking on and developing new features in the ceramic trades and bids fair to grow to still greater importance as one of the industries of Pittsburgh. The general office is located at Carnegie, Pa., and axecutive office at 209 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh. THE KEYSTONE DRILLER COMPANY Robert Magee Downie was born on a farm near Valencia, Butler County, Pennsylvania, August 21, 1853. At the age of 22, while as yet there was no such device known as a well drilling machine on wheels, he learned that there was a method of sinking small test holes for coal, by hand, using a sapling as a spring-pole, to carry the drilling tools. With the proceeds of a winter’s school-teaching and the assistance of a neighbor he procured an outfit of spring-pole drilling tools and went into the business of exploring for bituminous coal. It was hard work. Five to ten feet of three inch hole was a fair day’s work for two strong men. He learned the theory and “art” of drilling wells; and he observed that the farmers sometimes used the abandoned test holes for water supply. With a set of larger tools he went into the business of drilling water wells, for which there was great demand; but he had trouble convincing his clients that a permanent and adequate supply of water could be gotten out of a 5 inch hole. The world had been accustomed since the days of Abraham to wells four or five feet in diameter. He had to guarantee his new-fangled well to produce “plenty of water or no pay.” Experience showed that the drilled well was more sanitary, could be cased securely against surface contamination and vermin; that it was more reliable because it could be carried down to a second or third waterbearing stratum; that it was cheaper to make and safer for man and beast. It seemed that there should be an easier way. In 1878 Robert Downie built in his father’s farm yard, out of a heavy wagon truck, a second-hand boiler and small steam engine, Upper: Bird's eye view of the plant at Beaver Falls, Pa. Right: A reproduction of the Keystone Portable Steam Driller Co., Ltd., at its organization at Fallston, Pa., 1882. Keystone Driller Company, Beaver Falls, Pa. and with some assistance from his younger brothers, John G. and James L., the first well drilling rig to be mounted on wheels. It was a success and enabled him to drill 5 inch or 6 inch wells at the rate of 40 to 50 feet per day—ten times as fast as they could be drilled by hand and with about a tenth of the labor. He “drilled” his way through Geneva College, graduating with the class of 1881. The school had that year been moved from Northwood, Ohio, to Beaver Falls, Penna. At this time Dr. H. H. George was President of the College. Dr. David McAllister occupied the chair of Philosophy. James D. MecAnlis kept a jewlery store at Seventh avenue and Eighth street. Robert Downie, who had had some success as a debater in the Adelphic Literary Society, had one firm purpose and ambition. He desired to preach the gospel. ‘He was preparing to leave for Allegheny and the Covenanter Seminary, when he met James D. McAnlis, who suggested the organization of a company to manufacture well drilling machinery. It was largely due to Mr. McAnlis’ persuasion, and to the friendly interest of Dr. H. H. George, that a new industry was founded in the Beaver Valley. The well drilling business had, in the meantime, probably in 1878, been organized under the name of R. M. Downie and Bros., with an office at the corner of Arch and Ohio streets, in Allegheny; and some six or eight replicas of the original non-traction well drill were manufactured under contract with the Velte Foundry Company, at 33rd Street and Penn Avenue, and sold under the adopted trade name, “Keystone.” John Galbraith Downie was closely associated with his brother Robert M. in this as in many other enterprises at a later time. R. M. Downie & Bro. exhibited one of their machines at the Pittsburgh Exposition in the winter of 1881. The Keystone Portable Steam Driller Company, Ltd., was organized on Ground Hog Day, February 2, 1882, in the back room of Mr. McAnlis’s Jewelry Shop, with a capital stock of $20,000. Of this amount $10,000 was subscribed in cash by the following charter members and founders, and $10,000 worth of stock was allotted to Robert M. Downie and John G. Downie, for patents and rights to manufacture Keystone Drillers: Robert Patterson, of Beaver, attorney at law; Dr. R. J. George, pastor of R. P. Church, Beaver Falls; Dr. H. H. George, President of Geneva College; Dr. David McAllister, of Walton, N. Y.; John G. Downie, of Downieville, Butler County, Penna.; James D. McAnlis, jeweler, of Beaver Falls; Robert M. Downie, theological intendant, of Beaver Falls. At the organization R. M. Downie was elected secretary and general manager, positions which he held until his death, October 28, 1924, in New Brighton, whither he had been taken from his home overlooking the campus of his alma mater, in Beaver Falls. The manufacture of Portable Water Well Drilling Machines was begun in a small stone building, the old Thornily Foundry and Machine Shop, at Fallston, Penna., in February 1882, with a crew of twelve men. A 10-HP water turbine furnished power for the plant. In 1887 the company purchased four building lots at Twentieth street and Eighth avenue, Beaver Falls, and erected larger frame buildings. In 1891 the company re-chartered under the name of Keystone Driller Company with a capital stock of $150,000, and from time to time the working capital was increased by the sale of stock and stock dividends. The annual business at this time had approached $100,000. At the end of the decade it had doubled—a slow but steady and healthy growth. The photograph of the Fallston plant is much more interesting, from a historical standpoint, than the bird’s eye view. It shows the original crew of twelve men employed by the company, beginning with the second man at the left in a white shirt, who is R. M. Downie. The third man is J. G. Downie. The man seated on the end of the wagon tongue is Robert G. Forbes, who was at that time bookkeeper, and was later and for many years, treasurer and purchasing agent. The machine shown in this picture was the principal product and is a No. 2 non-traction Keystone Portable Steam Drill. The photograph was taken in April or May of 1883, but shows the plant as it was in the organization of the business, February 2, 1882. Across the top of the picture you will notice two cables. These are not telephone wires, or electric service lines, but were used in transporting power from a 10-HP water turbine in the mill race across the street, to operate the plant. By 1902 considerable expansion had taken place, several large wooden buildings had been added and about one hundred men were employed in all departments. Following a machinists’ strike the plant was almost entirely destroyed by fire, in November of that year. The newly erected brick fire-proof office building at Twentieth street and Eighth avenue escaped and forms the front of the present office. An issue of preferred stock with a guaranteed dividend of 8% was placed on the market to raise some of the money needed for the construction of new and better buildings. At this time the paid up capital stock was about $250,000. and the annual business had grown to nearly that amount. Additional much needed ground was obtained by the purchase of the adjoining plant of the American Steel and Wire Company. All the new buildings now erected were of modern fire-proof construction. John Galbraith Downie, younger brother of Robert M., was the inventor and patentee of the Downie Double Stroke Deep Well Pumps, about 1888. These were manufactured by the Downie Pump Company, of New Brighton; later moved to a new plant at Downieville, Penna. In 1907 the established business of the Downie Pump Company was bought out by the Keystone Driller Company, and moved to Beaver Falls. During the first decade of the century Keystone Drills were greatly improved, new sizes were added to the catalogue; machines were adapted to new uses, such as mineral prospecting, placer gold testing, blast hole drilling in quarries and oil and gas well drilling. The responsibilities of management were divided between R. M. Downie, general manager, and Frederick W. Ransom, assistant general manager and treasurer. In 1912 the company, by purchase of patents and direct development, produced a light traction power shovel, usable with the novel “Skimmer” and “Pull Stroke” ditcher buckets. By reason of its portability and adaptability to a wide range of uses it sprang into the favor of road building and ditching contractors and engineers. A large and profitable business was added to that already enjoyed in drills and pumps. Out of accumulated profits and surplus the company declared in January, 1924, a stock dividend and offered an additional amount of stock at par to stockholders. The total amount offered was immediately taken up. The said up capital stock at present is about $2,000,000. A good business has been enjoyed during recent years. The total annual business has increased considerably over 1009, from 1916 to 1926. The main plant at Beaver Falls covers about nine acres and employs over 400 men, most of them skilled mechanics. It includes several modern machine shops, gray iron and steel foundries, wood working department, boiler shop and forges. Branch offices are maintained in New York, Chicago and Joplin, Missouri. Wareaouses and small manufacturing plants are conducted at Arlington, N. J., and Joplin, Missouri. Keystone Well Drills and Excavators are widely used throughout the United States and abroad. Forty-four years of fair-dealing nave won the confidence of coutractors and engineers throughout the world. Of the founders of the Company, but one man remains, James D. McAnlis, the revered president of the present board of directors, which includes also the following names: Robert Rex Downie, secretary and general manager; Charles T. Smith, treasurer; John Warren, vice president; and J.Vale Downie. sales manager. LADD WATER TUBE BOILER COMPANY The Ladd Water Tube Boiler Company was organized in 1910, under the name of The George T. Ladd Company, the firm name being changed in 1925, to Ladd Water Tube Boiler Company, becoming a subsidiary of the International Combustion Engineering Corporation of New York. The Ladd Company is a Delaware Corporation with a capitalization of $7.631.,000., and has a large number of boilers in operation throughout the country, varying in capacity from 4,000 to 600,000 pounds of steam per hour Ladd engineers pioneered the use of large combustion chambers, having installed boilers in 1916 with four and one-half cubic feet of combustion space per rated horsepower. They were also the first boiler company to use heavy steel work for boiler settings; to suspend the drums inside the boiler settings; to perfect and install a patented feed box arrangement, special baffle tile, air tight doors and many other noteworthy improvements in boiler ard furnace construction. That the fundamental design of the Ladd Boiler is correct is proved not only by the efficient operation of these boilers wherever installed, but also by the fact that today several of the larger boiler companies have revised their original model to more closely conform to the Ladd design. Probably the largest and best known water tube boiler installation in the world is the eight 2,647 HP. Ladd boilers installed in the River Rouge Power Plant of the Ford Motor Company. Four of these boilers were installed in 1920, and at that time they were not only the largest power boilers ever built, but also the first boilers to be fired by a combination of pulverized coal and blast furnace gas. The performance of the first four boilers was so satisfactory that a second order for four additional boilers of the same horsepower capacity was placed and the hoilers installed during 1922. With the rapid advances that have been made in the past ten years in combustion equipment and with the advent particularly of pulverized fuel it was logical that the largest company in the combustien field and the Ladd Boiler Company should have a common interest. The progressive ideas of both organizations long before a consolidation was effected tended to bring them together in rather closer accord than might ordinarily be expected. On the other hand the engineers responsible for the design and erection of the Ladd Water Tube Boiler as well as the engineers of Combustion Engineering Corporation recognized that a more efficient piece of work could be done by having the boiler and the furnace practically one unit designed bv one or- Ladd Boilers Installed in the new Kips Bay Station of the New York Steam Corporation. Steam Production—325,000 Ibs. per hour. These boilers are equipped with Combustion Engineering Corporation Water Walls, Screen and Air Heater. ganization, thus not only relieving the customer of the necessity of himself harmonizing any differences between two separate contractors, but also saving in initial cost because of dealing with one concern for one unit rather than with two concerns. The Ladd engineers and the Combustion Engineering Corporation engineers have in the short time since the consolidation of the two companies demonstrated the logic and advantage of boiler experts and combustion experts coming together. One of the outstanding results of this combination is a new unit with a number of interesting new features installed at the Fordson Plant of the Ford Motor Company at River Rouge. This is the largest steam boiler in the world, developing approximately 17,000 HP. and operating at extremely high efficiency. Not the least interesting feature of this installation is the fact that there is no brickwork in the furnace, the furnace walls being made of boiler tubes with fins or steel flanges welded to them. Thus the side walls of the furnace become boiler heating surface instead of a ronstant source of expense because of burned-out brickwork. In the Kips Bay Station of the New York Steam Corporation, there are in operation three large Ladd Water Tube Boiler Units—each designed for a steam production of 825,000 lbs. per hour. These boilers are also equipped with Combustion Engineering Corporation water walls, water screens and air heaters. The coming together of the Ladd Company and Combustion Engineering Corporation marks a new step in power plant design, for it is the first time in the history of the country that a prominent boiler concern has wis Burin joined forces with a group of combustion engineers of such broad and varied experience as those who are brought together in this combination. Since the consolidation with the International Combustion Engineering Corporation, a new steam generator has been developed that has revolutionized the production of steam. Installations are already being made in some of the largest industrial plants and central stations in the country. The design and construction of these steam generators are being directed by the Ladd Water Tube Boiler Company. Power Plant of Ford Motor Co.’s Fordson Plant. Recently the International Combustion Engineering Corporation purchased the Heine Boiler Company plants at Phoenixville, Pa., and St. Louis, Mo. The acquisition of these two modern plants provides ample shop facilities for building all types of Ladd and Heine boilers. The officers of the Ladd Water Tube Boiler Company are as follows: George E. Learnard, chairman of board; George T. Ladd, president; H. D. Savage, vice president; George H. Hansel, secretary and treasurer; Robert E. Chew, assistant treasurer. The main offices of the Company are located in the First National Bank Building, and district offices are maintained in New York and Chicago. THE McALEENAN BROTHERS CO. THE McALEENAN CORPORATION About fifteen years ago a large boiler company located in Pittsburgh changed ownership. The usual transitions occurred. Veterans went their way, seeking new fields, while replacements came in to carry out the new ideas that new owners believed only possible of fruition by a changed personnel. One man, for fifteen years the superintendent under the old regime, was out of a job. But what’s a job when there is a small plot of ground hungering for a new plant where a man of vision can put to the test the practicability of new ideas merged with ripe years of experience in knowing how—in planning, designing and constructing boilers and other products made of steel? So it was, that on October 2, 1911, McAleenan Brothers Company was established by George R. McAleenan. He and his brother, E. G. McAleenan, had been engaged in this particular industry since their first working days and understood it thoroughly from every angle. With this background and a very limited capital they started out. A small space 20 feet by 60 feet, located on the present site at Twenty-fifth street and Allegheny Valley Railroad, served as headquarters. Today that once small plant has spread out to such an extent that the first impression that comes to a visitor is that the railroad tracks seem like the small boy at his marbles who keep shouting at his competitor, “No hunching.” For the present plant of the MecAleenan Brothers Co. covers the entire property fronting 200 feet on Railroad street by 400 feet on Twenty-fifth street. The business grew and expansion was urgent. McAleenan Brothers Company was incorporated June 5, 1913, with an authorized capital of $100,000, which was later increased to $150,000. And still progress called for further expansion and The McAleenan Corporation was formed in 1922. with Boilers being assembled in a Minnesota Power Plant. Gas flues erected in a Mid-Western State. Diffuser type stack erected on Power Plant in Florida. Tainter Gate for water flow control for High pressure welded steel tank. Power Plant in Texas. The McAleenan Brothers Co. The McAleenan Corporation. Pittsburgh. Pa. a capitalization of $100,000 and a completely equipped engineering organization, to design, engineer and construct steam power plants. Soon jt was necessary to add a chemical engineering department to care for the Increasing work in that field, and later a masonry department was formed to handle the brick work of boiler settings, an exceedingly important part of modern steam power plant construction. Thus, under one responsibility, McAleenan Brothers Company in conjunction with The McAleenan Corporation are equipped to undertake successfully contracts covering the sntire work from planning to coustruction. A contract that was fulfilled recently in Minnesota furnishes an interesting illustration of the McAlesnan organization’s ability to measure up to the unusual demand. In this Minnesota plant the order was issued on October 1 that steam must be raised in the plant on December 1. The boilers were suspended from the building, which necessitated the building to progress before the boilers could be installed. Despite the fact that when the order was given, nothing towards construction was completed except the foundations, the job—three complete boilers totaling 5000 horse power —~was completed and steam furnished on the required date. The chemical department is active in the solution of manufacturing problems and has evolved processes for the recovery of previously wasted by-products in the coking industry, for the elimination of stream pollution by steel plants and other original methods of manufacturing and conserving which effect savings to the interested industries. Under normal conditions the plant employs about 125 men, and the field construction force, in crews spread over the ~ountry, totals about the same number. MecAleenan Water Tube Boilers are furnished in two types—inclined and horizontal. The MecAleenan Corporation offers an exceptional service in the complete installation of large and complicated boiler settings and furnaces—a service that includes the detail design of all metal and refractory parts, the fabrication of steel work and cast iron members and the entire erection, all under one responsibility. Other products of the McAleenan organizations are: gas absorbers. steam jacketed agitators. annealing boxes, smoke breechings, coal and ash bunkers, steel chimneys, creosoting cylinders, digesters, chemical and rotary dryers, air and gas ducts, evaporators, flanging, coal and ash hoppers, chemical kettles, oil tanks and stills, vacuum pans, penstocks and riveted pipe, air and gas receivers, boiler, kiln, etc., shells, tar acid recovery systems, chemical plant equipment, chemical surveys and reports. The products of the McAleenan organizations have been installed in practically every state in the Union as well as exported to various foreign countries. The officers of the organizations are: McAleenan Brothers Company. George R. McAleenan, president; W. W. Johnston, treasurer; E. G. McAleenan, sales manager; N. R. Seidle, general manager; W. G. Ingham, secretary. The McAleenan Corporation. George R. McAleenan, president; E. R. Cate, vice president and secretary; W. W. Johnston, treasurer; R. M. Crawford, manager chemical department; J. F. Roney, manager masonry department. THE McKINNEY MANUFACTURING COMPANY In 1865 in a small machine shop at Cincinnati, Ohio, the business of the McKinvey Manufacturing Company was begun. Several years later the founder, William S. Me-Kinney, was joined by his brother, James P. McKinney, and in 1870 the company moved into larger quarters at Hamilton, Ohio. In 1878 the plant was finally located in Pittsburgh, where it has continued to grow and expand until today it is one of the largest manufacturers of wrought hardware in the world, with a vast scope of products including not only a complete line of hinges and butts, but such hardware specialties as door latches, bolts, handles, shelf brackets, barn and garage door hangers and track, and other miscellaneous articles; all with one predominating characteristic—quality. Early in 1926, after several years of careful study and exhaustive research, McKinney Forged Iron Builders’ Hardware, an innovation in builders’ hardware, was introduced as an addition to the company’s general builders’ hardware line. This step was the result of a close survey of the growing tendency on the part of interior decorators and home builders to use forged iron in their decorative schemes. Several nationally known architects were consulted and used in the research work and in the selecting of the old originals, copies of which the company was to forge. The makers of the famous McKinney hinges have now made available beautiful forged iron pieces to fit the spirit of the modern period homes. It is fabricated in the finest and most authentic traditions of the art of metal craftsmanship. Adaptation of forged iron hardware to modern building requirements has heretofore presented a hard problem. To overcome difficulties McKinney was most fortunately placed, for, as manufacturers of hinges of long standing, there was available a wealth of practical experience in solving the problems of application. To enable the builders of a period home to carry out the same decorative motif throughout the home and the entrances, four beautiful forged iron lanterns have been added to the forged iron line. They blend into their surroundings and add that touch of genuineness and hospitality which is so much desired by lovers of the home beautiful. When the company was founded in 1865 the space occupied was approximately 5,000 square feet. Today the factories and warehouses cover about 214 city squares with a floor space of over 400,000 square feet, approximately 9 acres, and give employment to 800. Recently a large 314 story factory adjoining McKinney Manufacturing Company’s premises was purchased to make room for the steady srowth of the business. The officers and directors of the company are Wm. C. Farr, president and treasurer; R. G. McKinney, vice president; Jas. P. McKinney, Jr., vice president; Wm. S. Me-Kinney, vice president; and Robt. L. McKinney, secretary. Branch offices are located in Boston, New York, Baltimore, Chicago, San Francisco, Montreal and Toronto. Export representatives market the products all over the world. McKinney Manufacturing Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Manufacturers of Hinges. Forged Iron and General Builders’ Hardware. MILLER SAW-TRIMMER COMPANY The Miller Saw-Trimmer Company, corner Penn avenue and Water street, are the largest manufacturers of automatic feeders for printing presses and the largest manufacturers of printers’ saw-trimmers in the world. This company located in Alma, Michigan, until 1918, and was brought, while there, to the attention of the Pittsburgh Industrial Development Commission. Investigation followed, which resulted in the establishment of the company in Pittsburgh, where in June, 1913, it was installed on the fifth floor of the Point Building. This one floor was sufficient to house the entire office staff, engineering and mechanical forces, which totaled at that time thirty-five people. The plant now occupies the entire eight floors of the Point Building as well as another building adjoining. Its entire forces now total upwards of sight hundred men and women. In 1919, the Miller Saw-Trimmer Co., with its great demand for perfect, intricate gray-iron castings, engaged in the manufacture of its own castings by establishing the Pittsburgh Gray Iron Foundry at South avenue and Walker street, North Side, with up-to-date foundry machinery and an organization of one hundred and fifty men. This foundry is not only providing castings for the Miller Saw-Trimmer Co., but has built up a very large commercial trade. Its output is known as the most perfect casting in Western Pennsylvania. From the manufacture of a single product, namely Saw-Trimmers, it has expanded to the building of Automatic Printing Press machinery that has found a place not only in this country, but in Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Spain, Sweden, Norway, Italy, Chili, Paraguay, Peru, Argentine Republic, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Porto Rico, Japan, China, India, Java, Australia, Philippine Islands and throughout the entire Dominion of Canada. The Miller Saw-Trimmer Co. has of its own manufacture 31,105 machines in operation in printing, lithographing and engraving plants. Its product consists of automatic platen press feeders, automatic cylinder presses. automatic die The Point Building, occupied euntirely by the Miller Saw-Trimmer Co.. Pittsburgh. Pa. press feeders, automatic roll gold leaf presses, automatic line casting machines, printers’ saw-trimmers, automatic line casting saws and slugotype saws. Not only are these machines in demand for commercial printing, but are specially efficient in art work and have produced the finest catalogues, books and advertising illustrations. All these machines are printers’ labor-saving devices. The speed of the platen and cylinder presses ranges from 3000 to 4500 impressions per hour. [t designed, manufactured and marketed the first automatic job printing press of any importance in 1915. This machine saved hundreds of printers from bankruptcy during the war, releasing to our army thousands of young men printing press operators. No other device relating to the printing industry maintains the same accuracy of machining and mechanical construction; 15,559 printer customers recognize this fact. Its reputation is international. It markets its own product, maintaining on the road about one hundred salesmen, demonstrators and service men. In addition to its Pittsburgh factory, it maintains branches and service stations in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Atlanta, Detroit, Minneapolis, St. Louis, Dallas, New Orleans, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Boston; with foreign agencies in Winnipeg and Toronto, Canada; London, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Stockholm, Christiana, Paris, Sydney, Melbourne, Australia, Manila, Tokio, Havana, Rio Janeiro. Buenos Ayres, Mexico City, Lima and Capetown. [ts trade marks are: Craftsman, Miller Ideal Unit, Simplex, High Speed, Master Speed Jobber, Printers’ Greyhound Presses, Universal, Heavy Duty and Slugotype Saws. Its main slogan is “Service.” The Miller Saw-Trimmer Co. was incorporated under the laws of the State of Pennsylvania in March, 1916. Its issued capital stock is $1,500,000. Its preferred stock $185,000. Its surplus $432,043.80. The Miller Saw-Trimmer Company’s business is directed by the following corps of officers, all of whom are Pittsburghers: F. F. Nicola, president; P. C. Dunlevy, vice president: J. H. Cannon, vice president and treasurer: A. W. Miller Heavy Duty Saw Trimmer. Above: Miller High Speed Press. Below: Miller Master Speed Jobber. Miller Ideal Unit. Revresentative Grou of Miller Machines, Miller Saw-Trimmer Co. Barrett, vice president and production manager; T. R. Foster, secretary. The directors of the company are: F. F. Nicola, J. F. Keenan, J. H. Cannon, A. W. Barrett, P. C. Dunlevy Its successful development of printers’ precision machinery and its remarkable growth in a tonnage industrial center, is an evidence that technical and diversified industries have a proper place in Pittsburgh. NATIONAL CASKET COMPANY, INC. The National Casket Company, Incorporated, is a nation-wide concern for the manufacture and distribution of burial receptacles and equipment required for the conduct of modern funerals. In 1864 William Hamilton, James T. Arnold, J. W. Carnahan and H. G. Algeo started the first coffin and casket factory west of the Allegheny Mountains, known as the Excelsior Coffin and Casket Works, the original plant being located on Virgin alley, now Oliver avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. In the 80s they moved to old Allegheny. The firm name was changed to the Hamilton, Lemmon, Arnold Company. In 1890 this company consolidated with the Chappell, Chase, Maxwell Company of Oneida, N. Y., and the Stein Manufacturing Company of Rochester, N. Y., and formed the National Casket Company, Inc.. with an authorized capital of $3,000,000. Some years later they added to the consolidation a number of other firms in the south and southwest, increasing the capital to $6,000,000. The present authorized capital stock of the company consists of an equal number of shares of non-par preferred stock and non-par common stock. The late William Hamilton of the North Side, Pittsburgh, Pa., was the first president of the National Casket Company, Inc. The present officers of the company are P. B. Heintz of Boston, president and general manager; Leo Stein of New York City, first vice president; F. C. Guthrie of Nashville, Tenn., second vice president; H. M. Tuttle of Boston, Mass.. third vice president: W. E. Carnahan of Pittsburgh Plant of the National Casket Company Pittsburgh, treasurer; F. C. McKee of Pittsburgh, assistant treasurer; H. L. Stein of Boston, secretary, and H. A. Haney of Boston, assistant secretary. Robert J. Cleland of Pittsburgh, is a director in the company. The executive offices are located at No. 3 Park Street, Boston. The treasurer’s office is at 2216 Oliver Building, Pittsburgh. The company maintains sixteen factories, two casket hardware factories and twenty-two sales rooms. Of the above, one sales room, as well as the largest, completely equipped plant for the manufacturer of wood and metal caskets, burial garments and casket hardware, is located in Pittsburgh, the salesroom being at Seventh street and Duquesne way, and the plant on the North Side, the local manager being George Reatchlous. The plant at Pittsburgh, to which extensive additions were made in 1920, not only supplies wood and metal caskets, casket hardware, and burial garments for the territory immediately adjacent to Pittsburgh, but produces at this point the metal caskets and casket hardware distributed throughout the entire country, by the company through its various sales branches; and also supplies through its export department at New, York. these goods for shipment to foreign buvers. NATIONAL LEAD AND OIL COMPANY The National Lead and Oil Co. of Pennsylvania had its beginning in 1891, being incorporated under the laws of Pennsylvania andcapitalized for $2,000-300. In 1892 it succeedad to the established businesses of the Armstrong McKelvy Lead & Oil Co., Beymer-Bauman Lead Co., Fahnestock White Lead Co., and others. Also, in more recent years, purchased the Sterling White Lead Co. and the Davis Lead Co. and at the present time continue the manufacture of these hrands a Plants covering approximately four acres are now operated at Pittsburgh and New Kensington, where the nationally known and advertised Dutch Boy White Lead and Oxides are produced. The Company has a capacity for producing annually 7000 tons Dutch Boy White Lead, 10,000 tons of Oxides (Litharge and Red Lead), 2000 tons of Lead Pipe, 1500 tons of Sheet Lead, and 2000 tons of solders and babbitts, practically all of which is marketed in Pennsylvania, west of the Susquehanna River, Eastern Ohio and small northern portions of the States of Mayland and West Virginia; all being distributed through the Pittsburgh office. Pursuant to the thought of guaranteeing the absolute purity of the products, only virgin metals are purchased to go into the manufacture of same; the bulk of the pig lead used coming from the west out of the mines of the National Lead Company, of whom this company is a subsidiary. With regard to the matter of health and welfare of the employees, it is considered of vital importance to the company. Therefore a physician makes weekly examinations and a welfare room is maintained, each employee beiug required to use the facilities for bathing regularly. A restaurant is also provided where the employees are encouraged to dine; lunches being furnished at cost of food only. The officers are: W. N. Taylor, president; W. H. Taylor, vice president; H. J. Irvin, treasurer, and J. W. Schlotterbeck, secretary. The foregoing are directors, together with E. J. Cornish and Norris B. Gregg, of New York. and Edward F. Beale. of Philadelphia. OIL WELL SUPPLY COMPANY In 1862, just three years after the Drake well was drilled. John Eaton, a native of New York State, came into Pennsylvania, to look into the prospects of the oil trade. His inspection inspired him with a bright vision of the future. Believing that “Seneca oil” meant much more to humanity than its curative properties, which was what it had been used for when collected laboriously from the surface of Oil Creek, he decided that here was opportunity—to supply drillers with better tools and to make oil field supplies readily available. John Eaton founded the first oil well supply company, in 1862, with a small supply house in Oil City, which prospered from the very beginning. Today the company which sprang from it, the Oil Well Supply Company of Pittsburgh, has seven factories, covering more than 90 acres, and over 100 branches located in the various oil fields of the United Sta tes, with foreign branches in London and Tampico, Mexico, and a factory at the latter place. From this modest beginning has sprung a gigantic organization which ranks as the world’s oldest and largest manufacturers of oil field equipment, and its growth is of interest to every one connected with the oil industry. Soon after the first supply house was opened in Oil City, the first manufacturing plant was established at Bradford, and was devoted to the making of woodwork materials. In 1899 this plant was moved to Parkersburg, W. Va., and at the present time covers about five acres. It is still used exclusively for the manufacture of woodwork for drilling rigs. In 1880 the first shop for the manufacture of drilling and fishing tools was opened in Summit City, McKean County, Pa. In 1882 a second shop was opened at Bradford, and continued in operation until 1890. when the factory at Pittsburgh was started. At its beginning the Pittsburgh factory employed 22 men, and had a power plant of one 80 horsepower boiler and one 80 horsepower engine. As the oil industry grew and the demand for equipment became larger and more exacting, the Pittsburgh factory increased its working force and enlarged its plant until today the present factory employs about 600 men, has a plant of 10,000 horsepower and covers seven acres. This factory is devoted exclusively to the manufacture of drilling and fishing tools and is the largest plant of its kind in the world. In 1890 a factory was started at Van Wert, 0O., for the manufacture of wood sucker or pump rods. In 1902 this factory was moved to Poplar Bluff, Mo.. its present location. and covers about five acres. The first factory at Oil City was established in 1889, and consisted of an engine works and machine shop. During the Drilling and Fishing Tool Factory at Pittsburgh, Pa. One of the eight factories of the Oil Well Supply Company. years 1900 and 1901 the Imperial Works of the Oil Well Supply Company was built at Qil City for the manufacture of general oil well supplies. It began with a working force of 800 men and at the present time employs 1,100 men. This is the company’s largest factory and covers 45 acres. At this plant are manufactured “Oilwell” drilling engines, “Black Bear” gas engines, Imperial “Mud Hog” and Imperial “Giant Mud Hog” pumps, “Oilwell” pumping powers and pumping equipment, “Oilwell”’ rotary drilling equipment and other miscellaneous supplies. This factory is the home of the famous “Imperial Rotary,” which a few years ago quite revolutionized rotary drilling—a rotary which “makes up” (screws together) and “breaks out” (unserews) drill pipe, casing and tool joints without manual labor and in less than half the usual time required for this work. In 1900 the first boiler factory was opened at Oswego, N. Y., with a working force of 30 men. The present boiler factory employs 800 men and covers five acres. Here all types of oil country boilers are made—*“A. S. M.. E.” Code and Non-Code, “A. P. I.,” Canadian and British Burma in locomotive type, and horizontal tubular in “A. S. M. E.” rode type. In 1908 a factory was built at Bradford for the manufacture of all types of packers. In order to take care of the Pacific Coast trade, a Los Angeles factory was started in 1908, and at the present time covers five acres. In addition to the factories named, the company maintains over 100 branches, located in the various oil fields of the United States, 20 of which are branch machine shops, and the remainder branch stores, with complete stocks of oil field equipment. Frequently special tools must be made for special cases, or immediate repair work is required to save time and expense on a well. With “Oilwell” shops right in the field. prompt service can be given. Most of the employees of the company are veterans in the business and their accurate knowledge is a most valuable factor. Its engineers are constantly studying various conditions and perfecting suitable equipment to meet them. The company has exhibited and taken first prizes at the World’s Fair in Paris, in 1900. and at Turin, Italy, in 1911. as well as at the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893. An exceptionally interesting display was made for the Paris Exposition, a contract being made to drill an artesian well during the course of the display. Prior to this the shortest time in which such a well had been drilled was four years, but “Oilwell” equipment completed the task in three months. Officers of the company are: Louis Brown, president; D. J. Brown, vice president; Thomas Fleming, Jr., vice president; S. Clarke Reed, vice president; H. C. Burns. ‘reasurer; W. W. Anderson, secretary; H. A. Boschert. assistant treasurer: E. W. Criswell. assistant secretarv. PENNSYLVANIA SALT MANUFACTURING CO. The Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company is now in the seventy-seventh year of its existence, having been organized in 1850, with Charles Lennig as president and George Thompson as secretary and treasurer. The offices were originally in Pittsburgh, but they were moved to Philadelphia in 1873, and have been there ever since, moving from time to time to obtain larger quarters, and now being located :n the Widener Building. The company was chartered for 10 years on September 25, 1850; renewed for 20 years in 1860, and on June 2, 1879, the charter was renewed for 999 years. The original capital stock was $100,000. Many increases were made, until in 1912 the capital was fixed at $7,500,000. Dividends were paid from 1863 to 1914, inclusive, at the rate of 129, per annum; for the next two years, 8%; and from 1917 to the present time. 109,, with two extra dividends of 19, each. The plants of the company are located at Greenwich Point, Philadelphia, and Natrona, Pa.; Wyandotte and Menominee, Mich. It has branch offices and sales agencies at Pittsburgh, New York, Chicago and St. Louis. In 1920 the Natrona Light and Power Company and the Brackenridge Light and Power Company were incorporated, to supply light and power to the towns, residents and industries adjacent to the Natrona plant. As of January 1, 1924, Natrona Stores Company and Pennsalt Coal Company were incorporated, the former to operate a general store, and the latter to operate a coal mine, both at Natrona, Pa. In addition, the Wyandotte Southern Railroad Company and the Natrona Water Company are owned and operated. The capital stock of the Michigan Electrochemical Company was purchased October 81, 1924. At the last named plant bleaching powder and caustic soda are manufactured, in addition to liquid chlorine. The company imports large quantities of kryolith, bauxite and nitrate soda, and manufactures acids, acid phosphate, alum, alumina, lye, sodas, chlorides, sulphates, salt and other products. The company’s net earnings in 1926 were $912,255.74, and its balance sheet shows assets of $14,339,607.01. Following is the executive organization: Directors—Geo. Fales Baker, M. D., Miers Busch, John M. Scott, Leonard T. Beale, William P. Gest, William P. Morris, Sydney Thayer; chairman of the board, Geo. Fales Baker, M. D.; president—Miers Busch; first vice-president— William P. Morris; secretary and treasurer—L. A. Smith; assistant secretary and assistant treasurer— Warner R. Over; general sales agent—N. E. Bartlett; assistant general sales agent—Chas. W. Bowden; traffic agent—H. L. Crowder; general purchasing agent—Norman W. James; assistant purchasing agent—Herbert W. Ingham; directors of research department—A. E. Gibbs. Herbert Philipp. THE PITTSBURGH GEAR AND MACHINE CO. The history of this relatively small and new company gives proof to the fact that every American workman has, ander industrial conditions in this country. an opportunity ior self-advancement. The Pittsburgh Gear and Machine Company was incorporated under the laws of the state of Pennsylvania in 1916, just before the World War, and its present authorized capital is $200,000. The officers of the company are as follows: Frank H. Rea, president and treasurer; Henry E. Rea. assistant treasurer: John J. Jackson, vice-president: Joseph C. O’Brien, secretary; John Harper Jackson, assistant secretary. Frank H. Rea was formerly with Rea & Company, pork packers, whose business was dissolved after a disastrous fire about fifteen years ago. Mr. Rea looks after the financial end of the business and has devoted much of his time to developing the company. Henry E. Rea is a son of the president and after about five years of practical training in the shop in various capacities is now engaged in sales development work, in addition to his duties as assistant treasurer. John J. Jackson is one of the pioneers in the gear business, having worked his way from machine operator to the position of general superintendent of the plant of the R. D. Nuttal Co., one of the oldest gear manufacturing companies in the country. Mr. Jackson personally looks after the shop operation and is known throughout the gear industry as a “live wire.” Joseph C. O’Brien is also an “old-timer” in the gear business, having served in various capacities from machine operator to chief mechanical engineer of the R. D. Nuttall Company. Mr. O’Brien is in charge of the engineering, estimating and cost work of the company. John Harper Jackson is a son of John J. Jackson and after graduating from college was with the Sharpless Separator Co. and United States Cast Iron Pipe and Foundry Company. He then served as lieutenant in the Ordnance Department and is now in charge of the development of the business. In the hectic days at the opening of the World War this small company was not carried away by the abundance of opportunities for branching out from their chosen lines of endeavor, but calmly selected the work for which their organization was best fitted to serve the country, mapping out a war program and a post-war program regarding policies to be followed in the development of the business. During the war they manufactured transmission gears for a number of the largest farm tractor companies in the country; also larger gears for ammunition presses, and kin- dred machinery, and became known as a virtual service station for all sorts of repair parts for the munition factories in the Pittsburgh district. The company is now engaged in manufacturing gears for new equipment as well as repairs for a great variety of industries, a few of which are manufacturers of the following: Coal mine equipment, furnaces, ete., steel mill machinery, bottling and canning machinery, amusement park machinery, truck and tractor attachments, iron and steel products, food products, sanitary ware and pumps. In keeping with the development of this art, the company has taken on the manufacture and sale of Fabroil and Textolite gears. These are quality products known as silent or noiseless gearing. The raw materials were developed and are manufactured by the General Electric Company and the finished gears are made in the plant of the gear company. Through their facilities for rendering service, the company has built up quite a business in this branch of their activities. The company has also taken on the sale of chain drives, which is a sort of companion business to that of gears. They act as distributors for the Whitney Manufacturing Company of Hartford, Conn., one of the oldest and most reliable silent type chain manufacturers in the world. The sprockets are manufactured in the gear company’s plant and complete drives designed and furnished to meet all rejuirements. Here, again, their excellent facilities for rendering service have been instrumental in developing a growing volume of business. The policies of the company in rendering service to its customers, the handling only of quality products of their respective kinds, and the development of a thoroughly trained and efficient organization to carry out the policies of the management give promise of a prosperous future. PITTSBURGH TESTING LABORATORY The nation-wide service of the Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory of today, with branch offices and laboratories in many of the principal cities of the United States. is the result of 46 years of dependable inspection and testing service to industry. Founded in 1881 by William Kent and William F.Zimmerman, under the firm name of Kent & Zimmerman, mechanical engineers, it was later acquired by Capt. A. E. Hunt and Geo. H. Clapp, who inaugurated the unique service of inspection of materials, testing of machinery and metals, and chemical analyses—a service upon which the business was built. Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory Building, Stevenson & Locust Streets, Pittsburgh, Pa. Industry found their services of great value in making independent inspections and tests, free from all bias or exaggeration, and the scientific methods by which they pursued their investigation soon won the confidence of all industry. In 1891, it was made a limited partnership under the name of Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory, Limited, and in 1907 was incorporated under the laws of Pennsylvania. Upper: Physical Laboratory Center: Steel Chemistry Upper: Fuel Testing Department Lower; Organic Chemistry Lower: Testing Road Materials Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory. Pittshursh. Pa. The business was started in the Schmidt Building in Fifth avenue, the chemical laboratory located at the old Carbon [ron Works and the Physical Laboratory was later moved to the basement of the Fitzsimmons Building in Fourth wvenue. Later on, all departments were grouped at 325 Water street, where the business remained for 22 years. In 1910, ‘heir own building was erected at Seventh and Bedford avenues, which property they still own. The rapid growth of the business, extending to every form of inspection, analysis, special research and physical testing, made it necessary to move into still larger quarters in 1923, purchasing at that time the old Newboys’ Home, at the corner of Stevenson and Locust streets, and now occupying the entire property. The present organization and service of the Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory embraces the following departments: General Inspection Department: This comprises a properly organized corps of accredited inspectors, in industrial centers, for the inspection of steel and iron products used in buildings, bridges, rails, cars, locomotives, special machinery, tanks, steel and iron pipes, hydro-electric equipment, wire, transmission towers. etc. Department of Research and Special Investigation: This service includes research along chemical and engineering lines, in developing new products, in lowering costs of manufacture and in investigating various industrial problems; experts in patent litigation, along metallurgical and chemical lines, as well as investigations of mining properties and mineralogical surveys. Chemical Department: Well equipped laboratories are located at Pittsburgh, New York, and Birmingham, Ala., for conducting chemical tests and investigations, involving ‘errous and non-ferrous metals, asphalts, clays, silicates (glass), coal, gas, oil, paint, ores, lubricants. alloys, water, food products of all kinds. Physical Testing Department: Well equipped laboratories are also located at Pittsburgh, New York, Birmingham, Ala., Dallas, Tex., Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland. Buffalo, Miami, and Tampa, Fla., for physical tests of cement, concrete, sand, stone, metals of all kinds, wood, materials used in highway construction, building materials and for boiler tests, power plant tests and other engineering problems. The present officers of the Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory are: George T. Ladd, chairman of the board; James Milliken, president; F. V. Green, vice president; F. O. Gardaer, secretary-treasurer, and A. R. Ellis, general manager. The directors include George T. Ladd, James Milliken, D. Frank Crawford, C. H. Curry, George H. Clapp, F. F. Brooks. A. R. Ellis. and John C. Slack. PITTSBURGH TRANSFORMER COMPANY The Pittsburgh Transformer Company is a Pennsylvania corporation and a peculiarly Pittsburgh institution throughout. Its plants and head offices are in Pittsburgh, owned in Pittsburgh, and all the employees are native Pittsburghers. All officers are Pittsburghers. Over ninety per cent of the raw materials used are manufactured in Pittsyurgh. This company’s business in 1901 was $20,000 a year. The business today occupies five complete city blocks, covered with the most modern factories and equipped with the most modern and efficient machinery for the manufacture of all parts of transformers. This company is the only company in the world that manufactures all its parts, except accessories. No other company manufactures all its electrical parts and also all of its tanks, radiators and fabricated steel, which Pittsburgh Transformer Company does in its rarious North Side plants. The gross sales of the Company have grown in twentyfive years from $20,000 per annum to $6,000,000 per annum, and the company now is the largest independent manufacturer of transformers in the United States, with a total numher of employees of over six hundred. An interesting point here may be noted in reference to wages paid by Pittsburgh Transformer Companv. The Factory of the Pittsburgh Transformer Companv. Pittsbureh. Pa Installation of Pittsburgh Single Phase Power Transformers. Factorv of the Pittsbureh Transformer Company. Pittshurgh. Pa. 15,000 Kva Pittsburgh Polyphase Power Transformer. The largest Self-Cooled Transformer shipped complete by any manufacturer in the History of the Electrical Industrv. average wage paid in the factory, taking an average of skilled and unskilled labor and boys,—that is, an average of the entire working force,—is $1880 yearly. The average of twenty-one cities in the United States is $1321.50. The wages of this company are 429, higher. The Pittsburgh Transformer Company has just shipped five of the largest transformers ever made in the world,— shipped complete, ready to install on arrival. Every part of these enormous transformers was manufactured in its own plants. These are served by the Pennsylvania and Baltimore and Ohio Railroads, and shipping facilities are provided by eleven sidings. The factories are equipped with electric cranes ranging in size up to fifty tons. As transformers are shipped all over the United States, Pittsburgh is a very central distribution point. This company now is the second largest shipper on the North Side, quite a distinction in this city of tremendous freight figures. ; Pittsburgh being primarily a steel and glass center, diversified industries are very desirable for the prosperity of the city. The Pittsburgh Transformer Company is particularly of this nature, belonging essentially in the diversified class. Yet, over 909, of the raw materials entering into the construction of the finished transformer are, produced in Pittsburgh, i. e., various products of steel and oil. The annual consumption of Pennsylvania base electric oil alone exceeds 1,500,000 gallons, purchased of course from Pittsburgh manufacturers. R. V. Bingay, president, became connected with the company two years after its founding in 1898, when he was 29 years of age. He has introduced several revolutionary principles of design, and the list of patents owned by the company fills almost a page of the catalogue. His associates on the board of directors and in the ownership of the company are C. V. Edwards and S. McN. Johnston. In building his organization, Mr. Bingay has never gone outside his office or shop for men. He takes boys in their teens and makes works managers of them. He believes in giving his men full responsibility and in promptly rewarding those who do their duties well. LEE S. SMITH & SON COMPANY Lee S. Smith & Son Company was founded January 1, 1866—61 years ago. Its ownership and executive control has remained unchanged during the entire six decades. The late Lee S. Smith originally came to Pittsburgh in 1862 to study dentistry with Dr. C. Sill, a prominent Pittsburgh dentist at that time; he worked in Dr. Sill’s office for two years before enlisting in the Union Army during the Civil War. Before enlisting he clerked for a short time in the dental depot operated by Torrence & McGarr in counection with their drug store on the corner of Fourth and Market. On his return to the city Mr. Smith learned that Dr. M. E. Gillespie, who had in the meantime purchased the depot, desired to dispose of it. Mr. Smith had no money except a small amount of back pay due from the government, but Dr. Gillespie sold the business to him on notes. The meager stock was moved to 58 Market street, between Third and Fourth, and said Mr. Smith, “On Janwary Ist, 1866, I launched the Lee S. Smith Dental Depot and flung my banner to the breeze. Because I couldn’t afford to do anything else I took my sleeping quarters under the counter, did my own janitor work and ran my own errands. When my son Linford was old enough 1 employed him first as errand boy and then as salesman. When he finished school I gave him an interest in the firm, then changing its name to Lee S. Smith & Son. Later the business was incorporated as Lee S. Smith & Son Company.” The enterprise which had such a humble birth has grown until it is today one of the largest businesses of the kind in the entire world. The retail salesroom and executive offices occupy an entire floor in the Keenan Building, from which a staff of salesmen travel the surrounding territory; a fourstory factory building at Aspinwall is owned and operated by the company, shipping dental goods throughout America and to countries overseas. STANDARD SANITARY MANUFACTURING CO. When Pittsburghers are entertaining friends from Europe and are being told of the exquisite linens made back home in Ireland or the dapper woolens made in England or the lovely silks in France—then Pittsburghers can take their guests to one place in their home and even the score with lots to spare. The bathroom, of course. Pittsburghers then can say: “Americans are healthier, happier, because Pittsburgh has led in the development and making of plumbing fixtures. Pittsburgh has had a big share in making America ‘thé leader in sanitation. The Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company, with home offices in Pittsburgh, is the largest manufacturer of plumbing fixtures in the world.” The guest from abroad is likely to make us: appreciate what we take for granted. “How wonderful,” he is apt to say, while looking at the built-in bath, hard, smooth, white. and not a single crevice or joint. If our guest is of an inquisitive nature, he is apt to make as feel foolish with a torrent of questions. “It is iron underneath, isn’t it? How do they make it so large, all in one piece? How can they put on enamel so evenly on such a large piece, with those curves,and to be so beautifully white?” We answer as well as we can. But the interest of our guest is stirred. He fires more questions at us. We have a happy thought and tell him: “While we are downtown this afternoon, we will stop at the ‘Standard’ showroom and find out all about it.” At the showroom we see rows and rows of plumbing fixtures in various designs and sizes with various kinds of fittings. With an attempt at an air of ease we turn to our guest and say: “See, side by side, so a person can compare and quickly tell what he wants.” We ask for the manager. “Yes, you want to see Mr. Rutledge. Just a minute.” A large, white-haired, genial gentleman comes forward. He has a cordial, well modulated voice. We feel relieved. We think to ourselves, “Our guest from abroad can’t stump this chap.” We listen to see if there won’t be some question that will not be met by a ready answer. “How large is your organization? Do you have representatives in Europe?” “Yes,we have either branches or agents all over the world. We have factories here in Pittsburgh; in New Brighton, a little outside of Pittsburgh; in Louisville; in Baltimore; in Tiffin, Ohio; in Kokomo, Indiana; in Richmond and San Pablo, California, and in Toronto, Canada. We have four large warehouses »n the Atlantic coast and three on the Pacific. We have showrooms in most of the large cities in this country.” “You sell a good many fixtures, then?” “Since 1900, we have sold over 28 million. We now make and sell each year more than 2 million fixtures and more than three million brass fittings.” “Fixtures, fittings? What is the difference?” “Take this lavatory for instance. Without these handles, this nickelplated spout and these pipes, we have the bare fixture. These trimmings are called fittings. You can have whatever fittings you choose on the lavatory you select.” - “This company is fairly old, then?” “The present company was organized in 1900, combining many smaller companies into a single concern.” By this time we have sauntered around so that now we are in front of a drinking fountain. Mr. Rutledge turns a handle. A jet of clear water bubbles upward. He invites us, “Want to try it out?” While we are taking our turn at the fountain, our friend bombards Mr. Rutledge with another question. ‘These fountains, they are not enameled iron, ave they?” “No, they are vitreous china. Much the same material as in china dishes.” “You make all—the enameled, the brass fittings aud this vitreous china?” “Not only that, but we make more of each than any other manufacturer in the world.” “What an exquisite child figure,” exclaims our guest, stopping before a colcred hanger showing a child climbing "> oe Admiring a Pedestal Lavatory in one of the many showrooms Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co. Pittsburgh, Pa. nto a bath. “Ah, that is very, very fine. And the artist? J. W.S.” “Jessie Wilcox Smith,” supplies Mr. Rutledge. “Oh, we have heard of her. She paints children so lovely, so life-like that one is tempted to call to them, half expecting an answer. Yes, you have real art in your advertising. But does it pay?” Mr. Rutledge settles back on his heels. Then he begins: “You see the bath in the painting. Built-in. Only a few years ago, built-in baths were rare. We made so few they were expensive to produce. Now when we make hundreds of thousands a year, our manufacturing costs are lower and we can sell built-in baths at a price within the reach of the average home owner.” Our friend’s face brightens. He interrupts with, “Yes, [ know. You are on a large production basis. As they say, your cost per unit is lower.” “Exactly. But before we could make so many per year we had to be sure we could sell them, We had to show people how much more beautiful and sanitary they were than tubs on legs. That has been the job of ‘Standard’ advertising. When a woman looks at a lovely ‘Standard’ bathroom she decides her new home will have a built-in bath.” “You can say then that ‘Standard’ advertising has made homes more sanitary by making people want better fixtures and has reduced prices by making people want more fixtures.” “And made people healthier. More baths mean more bathing. And millions of women have less back strain and are healthier because kifhen sinks are now set ‘yard stick high.” ”’ ‘Yard stick high?” “Yes, the old practice was to set sinks 30 inches high. Much too low. ‘Standard’ advertising convinced housewives, architects, builders that sinks should be set higher— 36 inches best for the average woman.” “Another lovely painting,” remarks our friend about a poster strongly colored in tints of blue and orange. He reads aloud: “The Plumber Protects the Health of the Nation.” tb 9 Co Co I Mr. Rutledge explains, “This company distributed this poster all over the country. It helped make the public appreciate more fully the importance of the plumber in the community.” “A far-visioned act, indeed,” the man from Europe comments. “Yes, the company is very broad in its policies. And because of that fact, it has a very loyal organization. The company makes it easy for its employees to buy stock, it insures its employees and follows a general practice of seecting its executives from its own ranks.” We remember promising to let some one meet our foreign friend at the William Penn at four. We thank Mr. Rutledge and at last succeed in making our friend terminate his expressions of appreciation. On the sidewalk he turns to us, “That was an interesting visit. Yes, you are ahead of us in sanitation. Pittsburgh should be proud of her part in making American homes the world’s models in means of cleanliness.” The company was incorporated December 26, 1899, and capitalized at $5,000,000. The present capitalization consists of $4,736,400 preferred stock and $26,954,050 common stock, with surplus and reserves of $16,947,848.36. The average number of employees on the payroll for the year 1926 was 11,585, to whom was paid in wages and salaries $18,601,321.11, being an average per employee of $1,612.60. There are 6,746 shareholders, an increase of 645 last year. Employee shareholders number 4,132, or 37.69, of the paycoll, and hold 280,075 shares of the common and 6,711 shares »f the preferred stock. Directors— Theo. Ahrens, J. W. Arrott, Jr., Willard C. Chamberlin, A. V. Conradt, David Jameson, F. G. MecIntosh, W. C. McKinney, Theo. E. Mueller, E. L. Dawes, I. W. Oliver, H. L. Ott, H. M. Reed, J. D. Tschopik. Officers—Theo. Ahrens, president; J. W. Oliver, first vice president and chairman of executive committee; E. L. Dawes, second vice president; W. C. McKinney, secretary and treasurer: J. D. Tschopik, vice president and general manager of branches; H. M. Reed, vice president and general manager of factories; Willard C. Chamberlin, vice president and general sales manager; M. C. Wilde, assistant treasurer; Jas. DeHaven, assistant secretary; Theo. E. Mueller, assistant general manager of factories. STANDARD UNDERGROUND CABLE COMPANY Richard S. Waring (deceased) was the founder of the Standard Underground Cable Company, in 1882; he was a real pioneer,—a man of vision; and his venture In the new and untried field of underground cables was the first speaific project of the kind in the United States. Many discouragements and difficulties were encountered, including opposition, or at least no encouragement by public service companies, who naturally did not relish the thought that they might be required to spend large sums of money to remove their overhead wires from the streets and place them underground without long proof of permanence. But Mr. Waring was an outstanding example of the type of men who never acknowledge defeat, and whose extraordinary foresight and courage spur them on in spite of seemingly insuperable obstacles. Before many years public service companies realized the value of underground cables, and nowadays such cables have become an indispensable part of their equipment in the larger cities. There were associated with Mr. Waring in the later formative period of the Cable Company some of the promiaent leaders in other Pittsburgh industries, such as B. F. Jones, Sr., John and Willis Dazell, John and Frank Moorhead, Mark W. Watson, George B. Hill, Jacob Painter, Jr., and James H. Willock, and finally (in 1886) George Westinghouse. The company was first organized as a New Jersey corporation, but in 1889 it became a Pennsylvania corporation, by receiving a charter signed by Governor James A. Beaver, on June 4 of that year. It was only a few years after 1886 that the company began its unbroken record of cash dividends, interspersed aow and then with stock dividends out of surplus earnings, its January, 1927, cash dividend being Dividend No. 143. From a corporation with $1,000,000 capital, and very little or no surplus, and only one small plant, in 1889, it has grown to be the leading manufacturer of underground cables in the United States, with an issued capital stock of $6,300,000, in addition to an earned surplus in excess of that figure, and with the most modern plants (named in the order of their creation) in Pittsburgh, Oakland, or Emeryville, Cal., Perth Amboy. N. J., Hamilton. Canada, and St. Louis, Mo Its list of products has also expanded tremendously in kind, as well as volume, from the small production of underground cables only, in the beginning, until now it includes not only all types of underground, aerial and submarine cables, but copper rods and wire, brass and bronze rods and wire, and practically all kinds of insulated wires and cables, such as magnet wire, weatherproof wire and rubbercovered wire. Its total volume of business has grown from a few thousands to approximately $30,000,000 per annum. The Standard Underground Cable Company’s products are known and shipped to every state in the Union, and to many foreign countries, and the strategic locations of its plants enable it to procure its raw materials of manufacture, and to serve its localized customers, to the best advantage of all concerned. Its district sales offices extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific coasts, and include Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Atlanta, Pittsburgh, Chicago, St. Louis, San Francisco, Los Angeles and Seattle, besides having commission agencies in various places in the United States and in some foreign countries. Its Pittsburgh plant, which is of special interest to Pittsburghers, is located on the Allegheny Valley division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, on Pike street, and extends from Sixteenth street to Seventeenth street, a distance of 475 feet, covered with buildings, nearly all haviug five floors. This plant is devoted mainly to the manufacture of leadcovered cables for telephone, telegraph and electric light and power service, and the manufacture of cable accessories, such as terminals and junction boxes and splicing materials. The general offices of the company and a cafeteria are also located in a portion of the top floor of this plant. Commercial testing laboratories are maintained at all its plants to assure the perfection of the materials shipped out; and extensive research and development laboratories are maintained at its Perth Amboy and Pittsburgh plants, for in this branch of electrical development, as in the electrical field generally, constant vigilance (study and research) is the price of liberty (commercial and financial success) and the Standard Company, through its corps of specially trained engineers, has always given the closest attention to the needs of the industry, and while those needs have had a marked growth in the last four or five years, the end is not yet. Four or five years ago, underground cables to carry current at 33,000 volts pressure were rare, and were considered very difficult to make, while today they are not at all uncommon for some of the cable manufacturers; in fact this company has during the last two years, made and furnished a number of underground cables” to operate at 66,000 to 75,000 volts pressure, as the demand arose for such extraordinary super-tension cables, and concurrently with such cable development has also gone the development of terminals and joints to match the cable. Now there is a wish, in some important quarters, that cables for 132,000 volts might be made available, and the Standard Company is at work on the problem, and expects to make such cables commercially in the near future. This company has been peculiarly fortunate in holding its important staff for long periods of time, and in commanding a degree of loyalty and attachment to its interests which is rarely found. Thus a relatively large number of the more important key men (as well as some of minor importauce at present) both in production and research, in sales and administration, have to their credit continuous periods of service ranging from fifteen years up to thirtyfive years or more, the president of the company, Joseph W. Marsh, having been connected with it since its birth in 1882. The company has just completed a large program of extensions and improvements, covering a period of five years, and involving the expenditure of upwards of $5,000,000, and all without borrowing, and without calling upon its stockholders for additional capital. The Standard Cable Company is distinctly a Pittsburgh industry, even though it has some plants elsewhere,—for it was organized solely by Pittsburgh people, its executive and general sales offices have always been in Pittsburgh, and its stockholders, at least to 959}, are residents of Pittsburgh and vicinity. Its directors are Henry Buhl, Jr., Joseph N. Davidson, Louis W. Dalzell, Harvey L. Childs, James H. Lockhart, Joseph W. Marsh, John Moorhead, Jr.., H. D. Shute. and P. H. W. Smith. The officers are: President, Joseph W. Marsh; vice presidents, P. H. W. Smith, C. J. Marsh and A. B. Saurman; treasurer, C. M. Hagen; assistant treasurer, R. M. Farber, assistant treasurer and assistant secretary, H. B. Brunot, secretary, J. W. Shibler; auditor, F. L. Dudgeon: assistant auditor. S. A. T.eppert. ° UNITED ENGINEERING AND FOUNDRY CO. The United Engineering and Foundry Company is an organization of engineers, founders and machinists which stands in the foremost rank of this industry, and which constructs complete machinery equipment for iron, steel and tube works. It occupies extensive areas of plants in Pittsburgh and Vandergrift, Pa.; Youngstown and Canton, Ohio. The Pittsburgh plants are: the Frank-Kneeland Machine Company Department, located at Fifty-fourth street and the Allegheny Valley railroad; the McGill & Company Department, at Twenty-seventh and Smallman streets; and the Lincoln Foundry Company Department, at Sixtieth and Butler streets. At Youngstown, O., are the Lloyd Booth Company Department and The William Tod Company Department. At Canton, O., is the American Roll and Foundry Company Department. The steel foundry is at Vandergrift, Pa. In the long list of products of this great concern may be found, under the head of “Mills,” blooming, universal, plate, slabbing, sheet, tin, guide, structural, skelp, muck bar and cold strip. Under the heading “Shears,” are bloom hydraulic, lever, guillotine, vertical, plate, squaring, doubling and rotary. Other products are high-speed forging presses; sand, chilled, steel and ‘“Adamite” rolls; tube works machinery for complete lap and butt weld equipment. Under the title of “Miscellaneous Machinery,” may be mentioned hot and cold saws, roll lathes, accumulators, ingot tilters, mill, traveling and tilting tables; billet, ingot, ash and slag cars; ore mills, squeezers, intensifiers, manipulators, plate bending roll, iron and steel castings, machine molded and cut steel gears. Much of this will be found quite techuical, but it is necessary to mention these numerous forms of machinery in order to tell the great scope of operations of the company under discussion. Quite recently the United Engineering and Foundry Company constructed the largest blooming mill in the whole world. It is technically described as a “54-inch 2-high reversing blooming mill,” This mill was recently completed at the Youngstown plant of the company, for use at the Homestead works of the Carnegie Steel Company. In addition to its being the largest structure of its kind in the world, it is of special interest in many other particulars. The entire mill is of massive construction throughout, and with the exception of a few minor parts, the castings are all made of steel. Incorporated in the design are the latest inprovememts in blooming mill practice, including several exclusive “United” features. Due to the dimensions necessary for the mill, it was practically impossible to obtain sufficient spread of bed plates or a suitable arrangement of feed rollers in a one-piece housing. It was therefore necessary to design a built-up housing assembly, made up of four post sections and a top and bottom separator. This design is similar to the very successful housing arrangement which the company developed and built for the 206 inch 4-High Plate Mill at the Lukens Steel Company, Coatesville, Pa., which has been in operation about nine years and proved entirely satisfactory. The finished weight of the housing assembly is about 800,000 pounds. The total finished weight of the mill is 3,833,000 pounds. The total height of the mill, including shoe plates and supports. is 38 feet and 34 inches. The capitalization of the United Engineering and Foundry Company is $1,770,300 preferred stock and $6,-935,300 common stock, a total of $8,705,600. Total sales for the first year of its organization were $2,250,000; total sales for the fiscal year 1926, were $12,000.000. Present officers of the company are: I. W. Frank, chairman of the executive ccmmittee; F. C. Biggert, Jr., president; G. G. Small, first vice president; William Gardner, second vice president; Charles E. Satler, secretary; George H. Friesel, treasurer-auditor. Directors are, besides the officers: W. K. Frauk, K. C. Gardner, George W. Knotts, George T. Ladd, William Metcalf, R. W. Tener, John Quinn, C. W. Bray and J. H. Lockhart. THE VITRO MANUFACTURING COMPANY The activity of Vollkommer & Company as specialists for the enameling, glass and ceramic industries dates back to the year 1896, when J. Vollkommer was assistant manager and superintendent of enameling plants, and later on consulting engineer for various large firms. During 1903, by association with his brother, Theodore J. Vollkommer, an expert mechanical engineer, the co-partnersnip of Vollkommer & Co. was formed. As the result of careful study of the conditions then existing in many enameling plants, it was found desirable not only to continue their activity as consulting engineers, but also to assist their patrons in obtaining the best possible raw materials and chemicals at reasonable prices. The firm first engaged in the business of importing such products. This proving a success, arrangements were made to build a small plant for manufactaring certain materials. In 1905 a building was leased in East Liberty for manufacturing on a small scale. The materials met with such approval by the trade that a larger plant and improved facilities for manufacturing were found necessary, and in 1907 land was purchased at Sheridan, Pa., and a factory built and equipped. About eighteen months after completion, this plant, together with a large quantity of finished products and raw material, was entirely destroyed. Undaunted by this misfortune, the owners immediately set to work and in January, 1909, a new plant, considerably enlarged, built in a very substantial manner, and completely equipped, resumed operation. The business since that time has been incorporated and operated successfully as The Vitro Manufacturing Company. Some of the materials manufactured are prepared enamels for steel, cast iron and copper, coloring oxides, especially prepared to give enamels and glass any desired color or shade; enamel white and vitrozircon, materials developed to replace the expensive oxide of tin in white enamels; vitrifiable colors and gold compounds for decorating glass, pottery and tiles; ceramic chemicals such as chromium oxide, cadmium sulphide and uranium products used as coloring mediums for the glass, enamel, pottery and cement industries. All raw materials and finished products are manufactured and controlled by chemical and ceramic methods. In addition to a well equipped plant, this company has recently built and equipped a laboratory for research and development of new products, as well as plant control. This laboratory is in charge of an expert research chemist and the staff includes practical enamelers, engineers and ceramists. Vitro products are distributed net only in the United States and Canada, but also in South America, Europe, Australia and the Orient. The main office of the Vitro Manufacturing Company is at 928 Fulton Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. It is a Pennsylvania corporation, with a capital of $250,000. Josef Voll kommer is president, J. W. Wenning vice president, Theodore J. Vollkommer secretary, H. E. Roemhild, treasurer. THE WOLFE BRUSH COMPANY The older generation still recollect the display for almost a quarter of a century on Wood street « of two large stuffed boars, “Sone white, the other black, which held in oo their mouths various “RARY/ types of brushes. These AN symbols of the brush trade were displayed by Wolfe Bros. & Co., the pioneer brush makers of Pittsburgh, who at one time occupied a building whose site is now part of the plot on which the First National Bank Building is now erected. ESTABLISHED I85]( Yee oe sem The Wolfe Brush Co. originated in 1851 by David Stewart, who located on Fifth street, later locating on Liberty avenue, near Sixth street. In 1883 after the death of David Stewart the business was purchased by Wolfe, Patton & Co. and moved to 514 Wood Street. Later the firm name changed to Wolfe Bros. & Co., and with the purchase of the Walker Brush Co., of Franklin, Pa., became Wolfe, Walker & Co., by which name it was known until the Company incorporated in 1903 as the Wolfe Brush Co., shortly thereafter moving to 511 Wood street, where a retail business in brushes of all kinds, including barber supplies, was conducted, the factory being located in a large building at Fifteenth and Bingham streets, South Side. In 1912 the business was reorganized by the present incorporation and the retail business was discontinued. The factory was moved to the North Side, eventually occupying for its quarters the large site on Pennsylvania avenue and Bidwell street, where high grade paint brushes are made, together with a complete line of industrial brushes. The firm makes a specialty of manufacturing specification brushes and numbers among its customers the large railroad systems of the country, together with the largest steel plants and industrial concerns, most of whom require brushes made to suit their particular requirements. Raw material is principally high grade bristle, some erades of hair costing $400 per pound. Other materials, of which there are too many to enumerate, are assembled from every country in the world. and almost every animal contributes its share to the manufacture of this useful, necessary tool, which includes brushes from the smallest minature brush hardly larger than a pin to roller brushes twelve feet long. Most of the well known woods are used in the manufacture of brushes, including sandal wood, mahogany, ebony, olive and walnut. Fibers of every description, each having its own merit by reason of its peculiarity, are brought from all over the world, such as bass fiber from Africa, bamboo from China, rattan from Ceylon, palmyra from India, tampico from Mexico. Metals including gold, silver, copper and tin, are used in various capacities, from making brush backs to binding, together with silk, cotton, linen thread, bone, ivory, celluloid. rubber, etc. The Wolfe Brush Co. has a capital investment of over $500,000 and its officers are Chas. E. Willock, president, S. Laird Lang, vice-president and treasurer; E. F. Johnston. secretary and general sales manager. WOODINGS FORGE & TOOL COMPANY The Woodings Forge & Tool Company, organized in 1924 and located in Verona, Pa., while a comparatively new company, is directed by men with long experience in the manufacture of railway track tools. The president, Emanuel Woodings. has been identified with the manufacturing end of this industry for forty years; the vice-president, J. T. Brooks, has had many years of experience in the selling end, and has been responsible for the successful development of many new ideas. Among several “Woodmgs” ideas, which have been accepted by the railroads of the United States, are the fol- Woonings Forae & Toor Company lowing: Reforming of splice bars: By the patented Woodings process old splice bars which have already given full service can be worked over and again put in use. This is a financial asset quickly grasped by the roads and beginning to figure largely in the maintenance of way department. Rail Anchor: A new and novel rail anchor endorsed by the leading railroad engineers of the country and widely used by the largest railroads. Track Chisels: Improvements in track chisel design, thereby greatly increasing the life of same. Every type of track tool utilized by the railroads of the country in the maintenance and upkeep of their road beds is manufactured by the Woodings Forge & Tool Company. The company is not limited to the above mentioned departments, but has a very highly developed forge shop, equipped with the necessary modern machinery to do any kind of forge work, having specialized in car forgings consisting of nearly all the kinds of levers used by the car builders. Perfect arrangements are now completed for the oil quenching and heat treating of all devices manufactured by the Woodings Forge & Tool Company requiring such a process. The quality of its tools and the value of its inventions nave made the name “Woodings” known and heard on every allroad. The officers of the company are E. Woodings, president and general manager; J. Twing Brooks, vice president and treasurer; I. G. Sadler, secretary; directors: E. Woodings, EF. F. Brooks, J. J. Brooks, Jr., J. T. Brooks and George T. Ladd. FIRST NATIONAL BANK AT PITTSBURGH In issuing this booklet on the varied industries of Pittsburgh, the First National Bank does not pretend to have exhausted the numerous lines in which the business men of this great city are engaged, in the category of diversified products, but it is intended to suggest the importance of this great industrial and commercial center in many ways which will not readily suggest itself to the minds of people who regard Pittsburgh as an iron and steel. or eas and oil center. The First National Bank desires to recall to readers of this publication the importance of this financial institution in maintaining and promoting business propositions of every variety. Its Directory is composed of men who have had and still have a successful career in many lines of industry, commercial, manufacturing and professional; and they are therefore unusually qualified to pass upon and advise upon the various questions which are constantly arising. Its officers are bankers with a long experience in the handling of financial affairs, and who keep constantly informed on money matters both locally and nationally, and are, moreover, thoroughly informed on developments in all parts of the globe. They are ready to transact business anywhere on earth, by radio, cable or mail, for the Bank’s representatives in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and in all parts of the American continent and contiguous islands, as well as in the Philippine Islands, Porto Rico, and other dependencies of the United States, are chosen with great care for the prompt carrying out of business arrangements and the efficient handling of financial problems Every form of banking is being constantly attended to with dispatch, whether the accounts belong to great corporations, or are savings accounts of small proportions. Every one should feel that it is the pleasure of the First National Bank’s officers to give advice in everything pertaining to finance. A comprehensive Tourist Department is maintained, aad many Pittsburghers never take their vacations without consulting our travel experts. We are agents for all Ocean, Coastwise and Lake steamship companies, and our advice on travel is based on a complete knowledge of ships and foreign countries. We arrange all details of travel, provide Letters of Credit and Travelers’ Checks, secure passports when unecessary, buy and sell foreign money, and relieve the traveler of all the burdensome details of the journey. thus adding immeasurably te the pleasure of travel. A new form of vacation travel just now attracting much attention is “Land Cruises in America.” These cruises take routes through little known portions of America, with journeys by daylight, stopping at points which illustrate the genius and types most truly American, including travel by special and luxurious motor cars, with rest and relaxation at the best hotels, and all this without any care on the part of the sight-seer. Details of these trips are available at all times. —-y Capital...... .. Surplus. . . Undivided Profits and Reserves. . Deposits. . . . Resources. | ....$6,000,000.00 6,000,000.00 1,546,732.66 73,228,554.30 .96,125,663.80 I A—— ~ > 52.0 DIRECTORS RoBert WARDROP, Chairman of the Board Frank F. Brooks... Vice-President E. M. BYERS............ ....Chairman of Board, A. M. Byers Co. Henry CHALFANT..........President, Spang, Chalfant & Co., Inc. W. L. CLAusE..... --«v...Chairman, Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. W. D. GEorgk... -....Real Estate J. H. HiLLMAN, Jr... Chairman of Board, Hillman Coal & Coke Co. A. L. HUMPHREY. ..........President, Westinghouse Airbrake Co. D. T. LAYMAN, JR.......... ....Henry Phipps Estate F. H. Liovp... - President, Pittsburgh Dry Goods Co. A. M. MORELAND... «ovo. Caprtalist P. W. MorGaN... President, First National Bank, Wilmerding, Pa. GEORGE E. PAINTER... ~ov. Capitalist E. W. PARGNY......... President, American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. Wu. A. Rensuaw.... ......John A. Renshaw & Co., Pittsburgh A. C. ROBINSON... ....President. Peoples Savings & Trust Company Lawrence E. Sanbs... ...President Isaac M. Scort............President, Wheeling Steel Corporation CLype C. TAYLOR...................... Vice-President and Cashier VERNON F. TAYLOR..........Banker & Oil Operator, Indiana, Pa BENJAMIN THAW. . cove. Capitalist and Trustee Thaw Estate RoBert WARDROP . Director of Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland and Vice-President, Peoples Savings & Trust Co. + wen Free Prnsidont Penna. R. R. Co. Jorn M. WiLsoN.. President. National Supply Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa. OFFICERS LAWRENCE E. SANDS. . Frank FF. Brooks. . CLrype C Tavior J. HowArRp ARTHUR WILLIAM H. FAWCETT" TraoMAs B. HupsoN Grier C. Orr Joun DEM. WrrTS Oscar WILSON WM. J. FrRaNK... v.... President Vice-President Vice-President and Cashier Vice-President Aecictant Cashier Assistant Cashier Aecictant Cachieor Assistant Cashier Ascistant Cachier Manager Foreian Department P. W. Da”INDEN. ......... Assistant Manager Foreign Departmeni [. PauL Forb. Accistant Manager Foreian Department FIRST NATIONAL BANK AT PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA FIFTH AVENUE AND WOOD STREET ‘CONVENIENT FOR YOT] DIONE oo Rds DU RAODS EDINA POO ORE EOE FEIT ONL OES OTE F g ; 12 : 3 ia ¥ Sy if oO = ON mo NY \ 20 ‘Nn p> "TN \ - - nN a = -~ O () => xy = \) > - 0) ~k D0 <I > or § materials met with such approval by the trade that a larger plant and improved facilities for manufacturing were found necessary, and in 1907 land was purchased at Sheridan, Pa., and a factory built and equipped. About eighteen months after completion, this plant, together with a large quantity of finished products and raw material, was entirely destroyed. Undaunted by this misfortune, the owners immediately set to work and in January, 1909, a new plant, considerably enlarged, built in a very substantial manner, and completely equipped, resumed operation. The business since that time has been incorporated and operated success-Fully as The Vitro Manufacturing Company. Some of the materials manufactured are prepared enamels for steel, cast iron and copper, coloring oxides, especially prepared to give enamels and glass any desired color or shade; enamel white and vitrozircon, materials developed to replace the expensive oxide of tin in white enamels; vitrifiable colors and gold compounds for decorating glass, pottery and tiles; ceramic chemicals such as chromium oxide, cadmium sulphide and uranium products ased as coloring mediums for the glass, enamel, pottery and rement industries. All raw materials and finished products are manufactured and controlled by chemical and ceramic methods. In addition to a well equipped plant, this company has recently built and equipped a laboratory for research and development of new products, as well as plant control. This laboratory is in charge of an expert research chemist and the staff includes practical enamelers, engineers and ceramists. Vitro products are distributed not only in the United States and Canada, but also in South America. Europe, Australia and the Orient. The main office of the Vitro Manufacturing Company is at 928 Fulton Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. It is a Pennsylvania corporation, with a capital of $250,000. Josef Voll kommer is president, J. W. Wenning vice president, Theolore J. Vollkommer secretary, H. E. Roemhild. treasurer. 0 yy - S D n 3 A 0 &® > % a © 2 ‘on