AGRICULTURAL RELIEF 275 Mr. Aswerr. If that is sound, why is it that only 6 per cent belong? Mr. KILGORE. You are speaking of cotton? Mr. AsweLL. Yes. Mr. KiLgore. The surplus cotton of 1925 and 1926 hurt the cotton cooperatives; that was the story Mr. Kehoe told you of the Burley Tobacco Association; that was the story Mr. Morgan told you of the Dark Tébacco Association. It was the surplus. Mr. CLargE. May I go just a step further with you now? You say the cooperatives would be of assistance in the way of grading and the rest of it. Now then, if a particular commodity goes into this compulsory pooling proposition, does there not necessarily go with it the standardizing and grading of the different trade practices of things, so that the cooperative would not be performing an addi- tional function, but the board set up there would necessarily be com- pelled to take recognition of the trade practices, the standards and all that goes with it. Therefore, if the board would not perform the function of standardizing or protecting the producer or anything else—— Mr. KiLGore. I do not understand the board would undertake to perform any of those functions. Mr. CLARKE. Is it not a necessary corollary of implied power that goes along with the board that it must set up the standards that have been all through the years established with trade practices in respect of any commodity? Mr. KiLcore. That would be set up? Mr. CLARKE. Yes. Mr. KiLcore. Those standards would be set up? Mr. CrarkE. Necessarily. How are you going to protect a commodity? Mr. KiLcore. The cooperative would have its own experts to perform the technical functions. Mr. CuarkE. I do not think the commodity, I think the board itself that is going to control the machinery 1s the one, because a board necessarily set up independently and without the control of the law itself would naturally not reflect the law and would have no power at all. Mr. Jones. The board at most would only grade surplus; it would not grade the other part of it. Mr. KiLcore. I do not understand that the board would have employees that would perform any of these functions, but they would expect the experts, the specialists in the cooperative associations, to do those things for them, including the surplus and the handling of the products of their own members. Mr. Fort. Your idea, Doctor, is that the board would attempt to handle only middling cotton and only do its price work through the price handling of middling, and leave all of the rest of the grades to fall where they may. Mr. Kivgore. I think the board would recognize actual grades. Mr. Fort. Or would it arrange prices according to grades? Mir. KiLgore. The board would operate through the cooperatives or stabilization corporations. Mr Fort. And they would have to deal with each grade as a grade’ Mr. Kircore. I think so.