653 
Mr. MeNnGEs. One industry; all right. The price of products we 
raise is also made by the products we export. 
Mr. WALLACE. I was making a parallel for that. 
" Mr. MenGEs. Therefore, we farmers and you are on the same 
asis. 
Mr. WALLACE. I wish all the farmers could see that, 
Mr. MENGES. You know there is some protection, in the exclusion 
of foreign labor by the present legislation which is supposed to give 
you a protective tariff on labor. Does that work out? 
Mr. WaLrace. Well, it works out to a certain extent. We have 
the surplus now as the result of our past policies. However, there is 
a great big surplus of labor in this country. But if we had not had 
the immigration law of 1924 it would be far more acute. We would 
have from three to ten million people crowded into this country, all 
of them producers, because if they could get our jobs it could only 
be because they would accept those jobs at less remuneration than 
we claim. So, we have been benefited by the immigration law. 
Mr. KiNncHELOE. You have really been benefited by the immigra- 
tion law; that is true. 
Mr. WarLLace. Yes. 
Mr. Menges. May I ask you another question? Then the added 
number of people that would be brought into this country, if that 
immigration law had not been enacted, would get such low wages 
that it would be impossible for them to pay prices for the products 
of the farm commensurate with what it costs to produce them. 
Mr. Warrace. That is true. Some people claim that if there 
were more people in this country that they would be in the industrial 
centers and that there would be more demand for the farmers’ 
products. But the fact is, the wage level would be reduced and they 
would buy less. 
Mr. Menges. I would like to ask another question. I know 
people whoghave not bought a new suit for four years just because 
they have not had the money to do it with. oo 
Mr. WarLace. That is tough on the tailors and the textile industry. 
Mr. Menges. I know those people would be inclined to purchase 
the products of the textile industry, providing th-y had the money. 
Mr. WALLACE. Sure. 
Mr. Menges. And I think there are in this country at least 
25,000,000 who need new suits. How much would 25,000,000 suits 
add to your income? } i 
Mr. WarLace. It would help the textile industry; it would help 
the clothing industry; and those men who are doing without suits are 
doing without other knickknacks that they might consume; and 
altogether it is the answer, Mr. Menges, to our troubles. 
Mr. MencEs. And they are also doing without farm machinery 
for that very reason. 
Mr. WarLace. Exactly. i 
Mr. Swank. I want to ask you one question: Representing the 
members of your organization, as I understand it, you are appearing 
here this morning and indorsing this McNary-Haugen agricultural 
bill? . 
Mr. Wavrace. I am indorsing the McNary-Haugen bill because 
[ do not know of anything that has been proposed that will meet the 
surplus question like 1t would. 
AGRICULTURAL RELIEF