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affiliated with American firms may use them to supply certain 
European markets. 
XVI.-THE INDUSTRY IN CANADA. 
77. The rubber manufacturing industry in Canada takes the fifth 
place in the world. As we have shown in paragraph 18, Canada 
absorbed, in 1929, 35,500 tons of crude rubber, or 4.41 per cent. of 
the world supply. The Canadian industry has grown rapidly both 
for the home market and for export due largely to the increase 
of motor transport and the necessity for rubber footwear. In 
Canada more than one million motor vehicles are in use, and 
rubber footwear is used to a very great extent, particularly in the 
winter months. In 1928, 45 establishments were engaged in the 
ndustry. The capital invested in the industry was £14,500,000 
of which the section engaged primarily in the manufacture of tyres 
accounted for £11,000,000 and the section chiefly making foot- 
wear for £3,000,000. Employees numbered 17,095 and salaries 
and wages amounted to £3.900.000. 
78. The gross value of production in the Canadian rubber in- 
dustry in 1928 was £20,020,000, including £10,200,000 for tyres, 
£6,670,000 for footwear and £3,150,000 for other rubber manufac- 
tures. In each section these figures were an increase on the value 
of production in 1927. Certain details of the quantities of rubber 
goods manufactured in Canada in 1928 are also available. In the 
tyre section 4,338,578 outer covers and 4,638,429 inner tubes, in 
addition to 17,377 solid tyres for motor vehicles were manufactured. 
186,623 outer covers and 207,747 inner tubes for bicycles and 
36,467 outer covers and 22,894 inner tubes for motor-cycles were 
also produced. Manufactures of footwear totalled 23,941,164 
pairs. Manufactures of rubber goods other than tyres or footwear 
included rubber clothing—64,952 coats and 16,333 pieces of head- 
wear as well as other miscellaneous rubber clothing valued at 
£118,000. Rubber and composition soles produced reached 
3,634,885 pairs; half-soles, 499,163 pairs and heels 20,600,402 
pairs. 2,660 tons of belting, valued at £624,000 and 2,280 tons 
of rubber hose worth £430,000 were also manufactured. Other 
products involving the manufacture of rubber made in Canada 
included, tyre repair materials, rubber mats and matting, tiling 
and flooring, sheet packing, battery jars, hospital sheeting, wringer 
rollers and fruit jar rings. Details of production compared with 
amports and exports are given in Appendix III, page 93. 
79. Canada is on balance an exporting country as regards rubber 
goods. Only in rubber clothing and miscellaneous rubber articles 
do imports exceed exports and are high relatively to the local pro- 
Position 
of the 
industry. 
Production 
in 1928. 
Imports and 
exports.