CHAPTER II.—MIGRATION AND THE FACTORY WORKER. 
(1) DISTRIBUTION OF FACTORIES. 
We consider in this and the three following chapters the labour 
employed in what may be described as perennial factories, i.c., we 
exclude from ccrsideration at present all the factories which, dealing 
mainly with agricultural products in the raw state, work for part of the 
year only and we also exclude all those establishments which either use 
no mechanical power or, using power, employ less than 20 persons. 
Unfortunately the available statistics do not classify perennial and 
seasonal factories separately. They classify factories in groups according 
bo their products, and while large groups of factories are entirely perennial 
and others entirely or predominantly seasonal, there are groups which 
include both seasonal and perennial factories. The figures for the peren- 
nial groups are as follows :(— 
Industries. 
Cotton spinning and weaving 
Jute spinning and weaving 
Other textiles 
Textiles .. 
Engineering and Metal Works 
Others (Non-textiles) . 
Total 
Factories, 
2905 
05 
AK 
A58 
R'71 
1.122 
2.451 
Average 
daily 
number 
employed. 
338,000 
347.000 
11,000 
696,000 
315.000 
155,000 
1,166,000 
The above figures and others given throughout this chapter relate 
to 1929 except when otherwise stated. 
We give in Chapter VI some statistics of the predominantly 
seasonal and partially seasonal groups. Making an estimate of the 
number of factories included in these groups which are really perennial, 
we believe the number of perennial factory workers to be approximately 
2 million and a quarter and the number of perennial factories to be in the 
neighbourhood of 3,500. Roughly speaking, then, the workers in the 
cotton spinning and weaving mills. the jute mills and the engineering