WORKING CONDITIONS IN FACTORIES. 71 
widen the choice of candidates without impairing efficiency. We 
consider that the Bengal system of engaging officers as Assistant In- 
spectors on lower scales of pay than those for Inspectors and with limited 
functions is a good one, and with increasing regulation thisisa practice 
which, as we indicate subsequently, might be more widely adopted in future. 
Provided that a competent officer is assured of promotion to the higher 
grade, we believe that it would not be difficult to attract suitable young 
Indians with some technical training to such a grade in all provinces. 
Women Inspectors. 
On more than one occasion in the past, attention has been direct- 
ad to the need of women inspectors. So far, only one such appoint- 
ment has been made, namely, in the Bombay Presidency. This officer 
has been largely employed in connection with the inauguration and 
inspection of creches in cotton mills and other factories employing an 
appreciable number of women, and her appointment has been instru- 
mental in persuading a number of employers voluntarily to adopt welfare 
efforts of this kind among their women workers. The Indian factory 
worker is just beginning to realise the significance for himself of the 
factory inspector, and even now, owing to his lack of organisation and 
illiteracy, complaints made by workers direct to the inspectorate are 
few. Women workers are in this respect even less advanced than men, 
and are generally reluctant to address male officers. Moreover many 
of the special, yet remediable, disabilities from which they suffer will 
only come to light with the appointment of women inspectors. This was 
found to be the case in older industrial countries and must inevitably 
be so to an even greater extent in India, where almost every employed 
woman is married and of child-bearing age, and where social and other 
customs make the position of the woman worker less secure than In the 
West. The successful inauguration, as well as the adequate enforce- 
ment, of laws and welfare orders specially bearing upon the welfare of 
women and children such as those relating to maternity benefits, creches, 
ete., call for the services of trained women inspectors, and we are confi- 
dent that in India, as in Great Britain, their appointment has only to be 
made to prove its justification. Nor need the work of women inspectors 
be confined entirely to women and children. There are a number of other 
duties falling upon factory inspectors (e.g., the checking of hours of work) 
which they could adequately discharge. Witnesses have suggested more 
than once that such women should invariably be medically qualified, 
and we understand that the Central Government also adopted this view. 
There are a number of excellent reasons for this suggestion, but no hard 
and fast rule to this effect should be laid down in the first instance. 
Consideration should be given to the selection of women with either medi- 
cal degrees, or public health or social service diplomas and, if possible, also 
possessed of some years’ practical experience in public work. We recom- 
mend that such women should be of Indian domicile and not younger than 
25 years of age, and their remuneration should be on a scale calculated to 
attract and to hold the type of woman required for work which will