THE INCOME OF THE INDUSTRIAL WORKER. 199 
average weekly earnings, in the departments named, of all workers 
sXeept sardars :— 
Multiple shift. 
Department. 
Sacking weaving 
Hessian weaving 
Sacking winding 
Hessian winding 
Sacking spinnine 
Hessian spinning 
Batching 
i dav week. 
Rs. A. », 
8 2 9 
515 0 
49 6 
4 8 7 
2 9 6 
3 
2 14% 
5 dav week. 
Rs. A. 2. 
9 3 0 
749 
5 1 3 
5 6 0 
3 «9 
314 0 
2 0 9 
Single shift 5% 
days=60 
hours per 
week. 
Re. A. P, 
9 8 0 
8 4 6 
512 0 
512 0 
+ 20 
4 2 0 
4 5 3 
Since the above statements were submitted, the mills have 
further reduced working hours, but no later figures are available. 
Wages in Engineering and Metal Industries. 
We have been furnished with figures of rates and in some cases 
of average earnings of the skilled and semi-skilled labour employed in 
sngineering and metal works. There is, however, no uniformity in the 
returns, some of which are compiled on a daily and others on, a monthly 
basis. The variety of occupations and the great differences in skill are 
reflected in the wide variations of rates and earnings and make a detailed 
analysis difficult. Taking five typical occupations—masons, carpenters, 
blacksmiths, fitters and turners—the earnings are highest in Bombay City 
and Ahmedabad. Masons there may earn from Rs. 50 to Rs. 70 a month, 
sarpenters and blacksmiths from Rs. 60 to 75, and fitters and turners 
between Rs. 65 and Rs, 80. In Sholapur the rates are appreciably 
lower. They are lowest in Madras, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and the 
United Provinces, where the average monthly earnings of masons are in 
the neighbourhood of Rs. 30, of carpenters about Rs. 35 and of black- 
smiths, fitters and turners about Rs. 40. Midway between the two 
extremes come the Central Provinces, Burma, the Punjab and Delhi in 
the order named. Bombay rates are reflected in the Central Provinces, 
where earnings generally are higher than in Burma, which in turn has a 
Somewhat higher level than the Punjab and Delhi. In all areas the 
apper limits depend on the skill of the operative and there are better 
openings for advancement in this branch of factory industry than in 
textiles.