CHAPTER II.—MIGRATION AND THE FACTORY WORKER. (1) DISTRIBUTION OF FACTORIES. We consider in this and the three following chapters the labour employed in what may be described as perennial factories, i.c., we exclude from ccrsideration at present all the factories which, dealing mainly with agricultural products in the raw state, work for part of the year only and we also exclude all those establishments which either use no mechanical power or, using power, employ less than 20 persons. Unfortunately the available statistics do not classify perennial and seasonal factories separately. They classify factories in groups according bo their products, and while large groups of factories are entirely perennial and others entirely or predominantly seasonal, there are groups which include both seasonal and perennial factories. The figures for the peren- nial groups are as follows :(— Industries. Cotton spinning and weaving Jute spinning and weaving Other textiles Textiles .. Engineering and Metal Works Others (Non-textiles) . Total Factories, 2905 05 AK A58 R'71 1.122 2.451 Average daily number employed. 338,000 347.000 11,000 696,000 315.000 155,000 1,166,000 The above figures and others given throughout this chapter relate to 1929 except when otherwise stated. We give in Chapter VI some statistics of the predominantly seasonal and partially seasonal groups. Making an estimate of the number of factories included in these groups which are really perennial, we believe the number of perennial factory workers to be approximately 2 million and a quarter and the number of perennial factories to be in the neighbourhood of 3,500. Roughly speaking, then, the workers in the cotton spinning and weaving mills. the jute mills and the engineering