152 ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES
those fitted, by ability and training, to use that control to
advantage.
Where the control of capital is exercised by hired
managers, the problem of remuneration does not differ in its
general nature from the problem of wages. The demandprice
 for such services is limited by the ability of the
manager, that is, by his power to organise and conduct the
business so as to produce a profit. By so much as the
ability of one man exceeds that of another, as measured by
their power to render an enterprise financially successful, by
so much may the proprietors offer a higher salary to the
more capable, than to the less capable, without being worse
off as a result.
The supply of ability available for business management
is partly, though not wholly, dependent on the rate at which
such services are paid. For the more difficult managing
posts, the capacities required cannot be produced by training,
though much may be done toward their development by
appropriate training. The attraction to men to devote their
powers to business rather than to a profession, to one
business rather than to another, is partly found in the
earnings anticipated. The more certain these are, provided
they are adequate, the higher they are, provided they are
reasonably certain to be secured by the possessor of ability
of a given order, the greater the number who will be attracted
to compete for these gains.
An attraction more powerful than large earnings, at any
rate as affecting the highest positions in industry and commerce,
 is the opportunity offered to exercise control over
masses of men and complex organisations. The satisfaction
of leadership, the delight in planning new combinations of
appliances or men, probably constitute a large part of the
reward, which really counts as such, to men of high constructive
 ability, though they are not indifferent to pecuniary
gain, and require to have an income of considerable amount.
When the income secured once becomes very large, the
variations in it hardly form the measure of the motive which
stimulates to exertion, though they constitute the compensation
 for exertion and enterprise. The large incomes of