640 PARLIAMENTS OF THE DOMINIONS [PART III 
§ 7. SouTH AFRICA 
In the case of South Africa the Upper House is elective 
as regards thirty-two out of its forty members, but their 
position is altogether strange. The first eight are nominated 
by the Governor-General in Council, that is, on the advice 
of the Ministry of the day—it had been usual in similar 
cases to secure that the first nominations are made by 
the Crown, acting not necessarily on ministerial advice 1— 
while the remaining thirty-two were chosen at special 
sittings of both Houses of the Legislatures of the four 
Colonies which form the Union. 
Unless other provision is made by the Parliament of the 
Union, eight senators will continue to be nominated from 
time to time, while eight will be elected by the members of 
the Provincial Council together with the members of the 
House of Assembly selected for each province. The exact 
functions which will be performed by so remarkably con- 
stituted a body it is difficult to foretell. 
The two Houses, following universal Colonial practice, are 
not put on the same level as regards Money Bills. No law 
which imposes taxation or appropriates revenue or moneys 
shall originate in the Upper House, and the Upper House may 
not amend any Bills so far as they impose taxation or appro- 
priate revenue or moneys for the service of the state. Nor may 
the Senate amend any Bill so as to increase any proposed 
charges or burden on the people. But the provisions are safe- 
guarded, as in the case of the Commonwealth of Australia, 
more satisfactorily than is usual in Colonial constitutions, for 
a Bill is not to be taken to appropriate money or to impose 
taxation merely because it imposes fines or other pecuniary 
penalties or provides for their appropriation.? Further, the 
! Compare e.g. the plan followed in Canada in 1867, in New South Wales 
in 1856 and 1861 (see Parl. Pap., H. C. 198, 1893, pp. 69-74), in Queens- 
land in 1859, in the Transvaal and Orange River Colony in 1906 and 1907, 
all intended to avoid a purely ministerial mode of appointment. For the 
case of Western Australia, see Parl. Pap., C. 5743, pp. 69, 70. 
* Of. 63 & 64 Viet. ¢. 12, Const. 8. 53 (Commonwealth). So Victoria, 
Act No. 1864 s. 30. See also The Framework of Union, pp. 106 seq.