1098 ADMINISTRATION AND LEGISLATION [PART V 
and arrangements were made in 1909 direct with the Portu- 
guese Government for the deportation of Asiatics via that 
territory. In the summer of 1909 the matter was discussed 
by Lord Crewe with Mr. Smuts and Mr. Gandhi, but nothing 
was done up to the coming into existence of the Union. 
Since Union the Government of India has under the power 
given by an Act of 1910 decided to prevent immigration from 
India to South Africa with effect from July 1, 1911, on the 
ground that there is no security that the Indians will be 
allowed to become citizens of the Union if they so desire 
after the expiration of their indentures. On the other hand, 
the Government of the Union decided to meet the wishes of 
the Indians by passing an Immigration Aci in 1911 on 
the usual method with a short language test, which on the 
Australasian model is based on dictation of fifty words in 
any language (not in theory necessarily European) in pre- 
ference to the mere writing of an application in a European 
language of Natal and the Cape. At the same time Mr. Smuts 
has announced that the regulation would not prevent the 
entry of a few educated natives every year for the require- 
ments of the community as regards law. medicine, and 
religion 1 
§ 5. THE KANAKAS IN AUSTRALIA 
There remains one case to be considered, that of the 
deportation of the Kanakas who were introduced into Queens- 
land for the purpose of work on the sugar plantations. At 
first the introduction of these Pacific Islanders was conducted 
with much brutality, and kidnapping was common ; it was 
at last regulated in some measure by Imperial Acts of 1872 
and 1875, and by Colonial Acts which it was hardly, however, 
possible adequately to enforce in the utterly barbarous 
condition of the islands. It was, however, felt in the south 
that a white Australia was essential, and the Commonwealth 
passed in 1901 an Act (No. 16) which arranged for the deporta- 
tion of all Kanakas within a few years. Representations were 
Magda v. Registrar of Asiatics, ibid., 397; Ho Si v. Vernon, ibid., 1074; 
Chotabhai v. Minister of Justice and Another, {1910] T. P. 1151 (reversed on 
appeal, 4 Buch. App. 305) ; Ismail v. Rex, [1908] T. 8. 1088; Lalloo v. Rex, 
ibid. 624, ! See Parl. Pap., Cd. 5579; 5582, p. 47.