1118 ADMINISTRATION AND LEGISLATION [PART V 
Since the conclusion of the French Treaty of 1907 and the 
similar supplementary arrangement of 1909, which was also 
negotiated by the Canadian ministers, Canada has concluded, 
in 1910, arrangements with Germany and with Italy regarding 
commercial matters. These arrangements were negotiated 
in Canada with the German Consul-General at Montreal, and 
with the Royal Consul of Ttaly. In both cases the negotia- 
tion resulted not in a formal treaty but merely in a provisional 
agreement made in consideration of the intention to conclude 
a formal treaty through the ordinary channel. The Canadian 
Government received the approval of His Majesty’s Govern- 
ment for the conclusion of these Conventions, and the 
Canadian Government have expressly recognized that if any 
more formal arrangements are desired they should take the 
form of a treaty and be negotiated by plenipotentiaries duly 
appointed. In both cases the concessions agreed to by the 
Canadian Government were carried into effect by Orders 
in Council under the authority of the Customs Tariff, 1907. 
In the case of the United States, in order to secure the grant 
of the minimum Payne tariff, the Canadian Government 
carried on in 1910, with the knowledge and approval of His 
Majesty’s Government, negotiations with the United States 
Government. No treaty resulted from these negotiations, but 
the United States Government accorded the minimum tariff 
on the understanding that Canada would give concessions 
on certain articles, and the Canadian Government gave the 
concessions, not by special grant to the United States, but by 
lowering by Act of Parliament (c. 16) the tariff for the whole 
world! In 1911 a much more comprehensive arrangement 
was made at Washington, amounting to a limited reciprocity, 
thus fulfilling Canadian views of old standing. The arrange- 
ment was to be carried out by reciprocal legislation, and 
not treated as a treaty proper. The Ambassador was kept 
informed of its progress, and everything done by the Canadian 
ministers to avoid serious injury to British trade. 
! See for Germany the Order in Council of February 15, 1910, cancelling 
fhe surtax imposed on German goods by Order in Council of November 28, 
1903 ; Canada Gazette, xliii. 2438. For Italy, Belgium, and Holland, see 
the Orders in Council of June 7, 1910. * See below, pp. 1143 seq.