CHAP. 7.~—INTERFERENCE WITH WAGES IN CANADA 61

bay legitimate wages frequently have come to that point because they
are badly administered. Attempts to make up for such a situation by
underpayment of workers are rejected as “ hopeless.”
Administrative Provisions

In Ontario 79 permits were in force in 1926—53 for handicapped
workers, 24 for others, and 2 for special apprentices.?®* Another
method for preventing the discharging of slow workers consists in the
Provision that the law is considered as fulfilled if 80 per cent of the
workers working at piece rates earn the minimum rates for time-work
provided by the law. Slow workers are guaranteed the same plece
rates, but since they earn less, if they ro more slowly, there 1s no
teason for the employer to discharge them.
.. Home work has not yet been touched by the new legislation, but in
Its report for 1922 the Wage Board of Ontario promised to turn its
attention in this direction, recognizing that home work is increasing in
the large cities. So far only the regulations for sanitation tend to
Protect home workers. Employers who pay wages lower than those
fixed by the board are liable to be fined 2s

Application of the Laws

While Nova Scotia has not yet implemented its law by the appoint-Ment
 of a minimum wage board? the laws of Ontario, Manitoba,
Alberta, Saskatchewan, British Colombia, and since 1927 also that
of Quebec, are being fully applied. The Ontario board collects each
year from all factories and many other firms wage sheets for their
temale employees.” These wage sheets furnish the proof as to the
Payment of minimum wages. Forty-two orders had been made up to
the end of 1926. Most of them distinguished between wages in
Toronto, where costs of living are particularly high and where minimum
 wages of $12 or $12.50 are prescribed, and other cities and rural
communities, where minimum wages from $12 down to $8 are established.
 Maximum percentages for employment of inexperienced em-Ployees
 are also stipulated. Order No. 26, for instance, prescribes
that not more than 25 per cent of such inexperienced women or young
girls shall be employed.2®
The Minimum Wage Board of Manitoba reports that, acting on
practical complaints from the hotel industries, it issued new regulations
 for that trade.2® All in all, 13 employers have been prosecuted
for nonpayment of wages and conviction was obtained in all cases.
Thirty-nine other claims for wages were adjusted without prosecua

 Danagy (Ontario). Minimum Wage Board. Sixth annual report, 1926. Toronto,
27, p. 87.
. # International Labor Office. International Labor Review, Geneva, April, 1924, p. 582:
sala wage legislation in Canada.” by J. W. Macmillan, chairman of Minimum Wage
0iard of Ontario.
# For instance, by stipulation of article 22 of the Ontario Jaw: Canada. Department
of Labor. Labor Legislation in Canada as existing Dec. 31, 1920. Ottawa, 1921, p. 449,
# Letter from Prof. S. H, Prince, of Dalhousie University, Halifax, dated Mar. 94. 1928.
our nada (Ontario). Mivimum Wage Board. Sixth annual report, 1926. Toronto,
=i, p. 30.
* Canada (Ontario). Minimum Wage Board. Orders regarding the employment of
Women in the Province of Ontario. Toronto, 1926, p. 12.
2 Canada (Manitoba). Bureau of Labor. Eleventh annual report, May 1, 1925, to
Apr. 30, 1926. Winnipeg, 1927. D. 5.