162 THE CEYLON EXHIBIT.

chiefly cultivated in newly cleared lands; it is largely used
as a food product by the natives. Flour is also obtained
from the pith of the Kitul palm (Caryota urens), the fruit
of the banana, and various cereals and tubers. There are
good exhibits of these products by Mrs. Arnold Dias, Mr.
W. Don Carolis, and Mr. Chas. Stouter.
The Spices of secondary importance, though common in
the country, are not much cultivated. The Ceylon Government
 has an exhibit of nutmegs and mace, Mr. H. V, Bagot of
cloves, Mr. J. P. Obeyesekere and Messrs. C. C. Barber &amp; Co.
of pepper, which is found growing in a semi-wild state in most
villages, and Dr. Valentine Duke of nutmegs and cloves,
Chaya root (Oldenlandia umbellata), a wild product, is
largely employed in the Northern and Eastern Provinces
in dyeing the cloths, several of which are on show, worn
by natives; the supply is barely sufficient for the local
demand. There is a small export of the Orchella weed
(Rocella Montagnet), a lichen found growing on the stems
of cocoanut trees. Sapanwood (Casalpinia Sapan), the
root and stem of which are chiefly used for dyeing, is
largely exported; the tree is common in village hedges, and
when covered with its flowers resembles the laburnum.
The model of the Buddhist priest is draped in robes dyed
yellow with the root of the Jak (Ariocarpus integrifolia).
The fruit of this tree, perhaps the largest fruit on earth, is
largely used as an article of food by the natives, the seed
closely resembling the chestnut in taste. The various Dye
stuffs are exhibited by the Ceylon Government.
Myrobalans, the fruit of the Terminalia belerica and 7.
Chebula, are also largely employed both in medicine and
as tanning agents. The firm of W. Don Carolis have the
chief tanning establishment in the Island ; they exhibit the
Tanning barks employed by them, viz.: Ranawara (Cassia
auriculate), Kadol (Rhizophora Mucronata), Timbiri (Dipspyros
 Embryopteris), &amp;c. Their collection of Leathers will
repay inspection.

Mr. C. Drieberg, Superintendent of School Gardens, and
Secretary to the local World’s Fair Committee, furnishes
the following notes on Oils, Fibres, Gums, and Resins :—
“Besides the cocoanut palm, which is par excellence the
cultivated oil-producing tree of Ceylon, there are also
cultivated—but to a small extent only—Mustard (Brassica
Juncea), the oil from which is employed medicinally and
for culinary purposes ; Gingelly (Sesamum indicum), which
yields the oil used for cooking as well as in medicine,
both as a laxative and as an emollient; and Croton (Croton