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stand them. But if they are the rule, and they
are the rule in animal behaviour, there must be
something wrong in our way of thinking if we
find ourselves wondering at them as strange. 1
do not forbid myself to marvel : 1 mean that
a theory of mind is self-condemned if it has to
treat as an exception what it finds to be a rule.
It is plain that there is a sort of mind which is
not our logical Reason, but which performs purposive
 actions without conscience of their purpose
 ; or if it have conscience of a purpose (as we
may suppose the homing horse to have), yet it
accomplishes that purpose without knowing how.
Whether mankind when in a savage state ever
possessed very much of this sort of instinctive
faculty we cannot tell. It is certain that we now
perform by the aid of logical Reason and deliberation
 most of those purposive acts which animals
perform without reasoning; but we have too
much in common with the lower animals to
suppose that we can be lacking in the whole
sphere of that unconscious faculty so universally
possessed by them. And it has never been questioned
 that we share with them the great funda-