[

142

some few exceptions (in favour of uncovenanted
judges and certain officers holding high appointments)
 the members of the uncovenanted service
are all on precisely the same footing as regards
appointment, leave, and pension.
* The gradual expansion of the uncovenanted
service, from a body of subordinate clerks to a
great administrative service, filling all the posts in
many of the departments of the state, and of whom
the leading members are in receipt of higher
emoluments than military men in India can obtain
in the ordinary course of their career, appears not to
have been ever fully recognised. All such appoint
ments (with a few special exceptions) were indeed
illegal until 1861, when by an Act of Parliament
all offices in India, with certain exceptions, were
thrown open to all persons, under prescribed
conditions of fitness and qualifications.
It is unnecessary to give here any details of
the judicial, revenue, and administrative services
of any particular province; enough has been said
to give some idea of the general nature of the
whole body of civil officers of government.

The Army.

“The first establishment of the Indian Army
of the East India Company may be considered to

* Chesney’s Indian Polity, p. 250.
t Chesney’s Indian Polity, p. 275.