44 . REPORT ON COOPERATION IN AMERICAN EXPORT TRADE,

ago, with its head office in London, has 30 branches and agencies in
South America, chiefly in Argentina and Brazil, but also in Uruguay,
Paris, Antwerp, and New York City. In Peru, British trade is adequately
 served by the Banco del Peru y Londres,! with 15 branches.
While standard banking facilities are available for the transaction
of business with most portions of the European Continent, British
banks have been established where they add material service in
furthering British trade. The Bank of Roumania (Ltd.), with
a branch at Bucharest; the British Foreign and Colonial Corporation
 (Ltd.), with branches in Havre, Amsterdam, and Basle; the
Anglo-Maltese Bank in Malta, with a branch in Gozo ; and the Russian
and English Bank (Ltd.), with its main office in Petrograd, are banks
of this kind.
In short, wherever British imports are bought or British exports
are sold, there is either a local bank intimately connected with London
or there is a British bank for the accommodation of British commerce.
 No other nation has any such comprehensive financial organization
 for foreien business.

GERMANY.

The great German center of oversea trade is Hamburg, and here
the banking offices that are concerned directly with German oversea
trade are in great part gathered. The head office of such a bank, if
in Germany, is apt to be in Berlin. but there will usually be a Hamburg
 branch.2
As a part of the German policy of trade expansion, banks under
German control have been established in all parts of the world as
one of the means of creating commerce and attracting it to Germany.
German-controlled banks outside of Germany, whether branches
of German banks or distinct corporations, have sprung almost wholly
from seven great German institutions. These are. in order of age, as
follows: 3
1. The A. Schaaffhausen’scher Bankverein, at Cologne, formed in
1848 by a reorganization of the old banking house of Abraham
Schaaffhausen.

1 See, however, p. 52.
# At Hamburg, too, are branches of many banks whose control 1s in Great Britain or
other countries. Besides German banks, the following have branches at Hamburg :
Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, head office, Hongkong; Bank of British
West Africa (Ltd.), head office, London; Standard Bank of South Africa (Ltd.), head
office, London; American Express Co., head office, New York; Anglo-South American
Bank (Ltd.), head office, London; Banco Espaiiol del Rio de la Plata. head office. Buenos
Aires, (Palgrave, Banking Almanac, 1916, pp. 891, 892.)
3J. Riesser, The German Great Banks and their Concentration, pp. 46, 47, 72, 492,
868 ; translation published by the National Monetary Commission ; 61st Cong., 2d Sess., S.
Doc. 593. Edward N. Hurley, Banking and Credit in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru,
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. Special Agents Series. No. 90, 1914, p. 21.
Die Bank, 1914. pp. 415 fol., 4783.