46 REPORT ON COOPERATION IN AMERICAN EXPORT TRADE.

The Deutsche Bank “ opened branches first at Bremen (1871) and
Hamburg (1872), the German centers of oversea commerce, and London
 (1873), with the view of fostering German oversea import and
export trade. These branches were to serve, so to say, as advanced
posts for the observation, exploration, and winning of new territory
by the German banks.” In 1872 it also opened branches at Shanghai
and Yokohama, and in 1874 it took over the La Plata Bank, which
had been opened by the Disconto-Gesellschaft in 1872. These early
foreign ventures did not greatly prosper. The two Asiatic branches
were closed in 1874, and that in South America in 1885. The London
branch still exists. There are also branches at Brussels and at Constantinople.
 Most of the banking interests of the Deutsche Bank
outside of Germany, however, are organized as separate corporations.!
The early activity of the Deutsche Bank in promoting German
foreign trade was soon matched, or almost matched, by that of the
Disconto-Gesellschaft,? and several of the other German banlks have
in later years been hardly less active. The following paragraphs
give some idea of the banking interests of German banks throughout
the world.?
The Amsterdamsche Bank, with headquarters at Amsterdam and
branches now at six other points in Holland, was founded by the
Darmstiidter Bank in 1871. About the same time the Darmstidter
Bank formed a silent partnership’ (commandite) in Brussels. In
1898 it participated, with the Disconto-Gesellschaft, the A. Schaaffhausen’scher
 Bankverein, the Berliner Handelsgesellschaft, and
others, in the foundation at Brussels of the Banque International
Je Bruxelles.
The Disconto-Gesellschaft has stock in the Compagnie Commersiale
 Belge (Anciennement Albert H. de Bary &amp; Co.), of Antwerp.
The Deutsche Bank, the Dresdner Bank, and the Disconto-Gesellschaft
 all have branches in London, which were permitted to
continue business after the outbreak of the present war. under license
from the British Government.
The Nationalbank fiir Deutschland took part in 1909 in the increase
of capital of the Crédit Mobilier F rancais, of Paris.
The Bank fiir Orientalische Eisenbahnen, at Ziirich, was established
 in 1890, with theparticipation of the Deutsche Bank, especially
for financing the Anatolian Railway in Asia Minor.
The Nationalbank fiir Deutschland acquired an interest in 1895 in
the Credito Italiano, which has its head office at Milan and branches
at Genoa, Rome, Naples, and 86 other places in Italy.
1 Riesser, op. cit., pp. 422, 423, 432, 433; Palgrave, op. cit.,, 1916, p. 434,
2 Riesser, op. cit, p. 421.
$ Ibid, pp. 423, 432-459; Palgrave, op. cit., ef. List of Principal Foreign and Colonial
Banks and Bankers; and Hurley, op. cit., pp. 21, 22.
¢ Palgrave, op. cit., extra sheet opposite p. 261,