COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE. 47
The Darmstéidter Bank formed a silent partnership (commandite)
at Milan as long ago as 1873 or 1874.
The Banca Commerciale Italiana was founded in 1894 with the
participation of the Deutsche Bank, Disconto-Gesellschaft, Dresdner
Bank, Darmstidter Bank, Berliner Handelsgesellschaft, and A.
Schaaffhausen’scher Bankverein. Its head office is at Milan, and it
has 54 branches throughout Italy. In 1915 nearly two-thirds of its
stock was reported to be held by Italians, and only 2} per cent by
Germans and Austrians. It is stated, however, that these figures
did not fairly represent the German influence in its management.
This bank was founded * by the Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas, in
connection with several German, Austrian, and Swiss banks.
The Darmstidter Bank has an interest in the Ungarische Escompte-und
 Wechslerbank, at Budapest.
The Banca Generala Romana, with head office at Bucharest and
branches at six other points in Roumania, was founded in 1897 by
the Disconto-Gesellschaft and the firm of S. Bleichréder.
The Banca Marmorosch Blank &amp; Co., Societate Anonima, with
head office at Bucharest and branches at six other points in Roumania,
is controlled by the Darmstiidter Bank and the Berliner Handelsgesellschaft.

The Banque de Crédit (Kreditna Banka), with head office at Sofia,
Bulgaria, and two branches in that country, was founded in 1905
by the Disconto-Gesellschaft, the Norddeutsche Bank, the firm of
S. Bleichréder, and several Bulgarian firms.
The Banque d’Orient, established in 1904 by the Nationalbank fiir
Deutschland, has its head office at Athens, with branches at Salonica,
Smyrna, Cairo, and Alexandria, and seven agencies besides.
The widest-spreading German bank in the Levant is the Deutsche
Orientbank A. G., which was established about the end of 1905 by
the Dresdner Bank, the Nationalbank fiir Deutschland, and the A.
Schaaffhausen’scher Bankverein. Its main office is at Berlin, with
a branch at Hamburg. It has branches at Constantinople and
Adrianople, at Cairo and Alexandria and five other points in Egypt,
and at four places in Asia Minor.
The Deutsche Palistina-Bank, with head office at Berlin and a
branch at Hamburg, maintains a community of interest with the
Deutsche Orientbank. It has oriental branches in Jaffa, Jerusalem,
and Beirut, besides a subsidiary company, the Levante-Kontor
(Litd.), which has an office at Constantinople.
The Deutsche Bank has a branch at Constantinople.
The Deutsch-Asiatische Bank has its main office at Shanghai, and
branches in 10 other of the most important points of the Far East: