COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE. 53
NETHERLANDS.

The Dutch firm of Bunge &amp; Co., with partners resident at Amsterdam
 and at Antwerp, has offices in those cities and also at London,
Hamburg, and Barcelona. It is agent for the firm of Ernesto A.
Bunge and J. Born, of Buenos Aires.
The Nederlandsche Handel Maatschappij (Netherlands Trading
Society), with head office at Amsterdam, has branches at Hongkong
and Shanghai, in China; at Singapore and Penang, in the Straits
Settlements; and at Rangoon, in British India; besides about 20
branches in the Dutch East Indies and one in Dutch Guiana.
The Nederlandsch-Indische Handelsbank, with head office at Am.
sterdam, has branches at Hongkong and Singapore, as well as about
a dozen in the Dutch East Indies.
Close business connection between the Netherlands and South
Africa results naturally from the former political connection and
from the Dutch descent and speech of a large part of the people.
The Nederlandsche Bank voor Zuid Afrika, with headquarters at
Amsterdam, has a head office for South Africa, at Pretoria, and
branches at Cape Town, Johannesburg, Bloemfontein, and seven
other South African towns.?

BELGIUM.

The Banque Belge pour 'Etranger (Société anonyme), with head
office at Brussels, has branches at Cairo and Alexandria, at Shanghai.
Pekin, and Tientsin.
The Banque Italo-Belge was established in 1911 as the Banque
Brésilienne Italo-Belge; its name was changed in 1914. Its headquarters
 are at Antwerp, and it has branches at Sio Paulo, Rio de
Janeiro, Santos, and Campinas, in Brazil, at Montevideo, in Uruguay,
and at Buenos Aires, in Argentina.?

PORTIIGAL.

The Banco Nacional Ultramarino, with headquarters at Lisbon,
does business chiefly in the Portuguese colonies, but has a branch at
Rio de Janeiro.

SPAIN.

The Banco Alem#én Transatlintico, or Deutsche Ueberseeische
Bank, has branches at Madrid and Barcelona, and so affords connection
 with its 25 or more branches in Brazil, Argentina, Chile. Bolivia,
Peru, and Uruguay, as well as with Germany.
The Banco Espafiol del Rio de la Plata, with head office at Buenos
Aires, and branches at some 35 other points in Argentina, three in
1Palgrave, op. cit, pp. 396, 525-527. ? Ibid., p. 376.