COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE. 131

Tuscany, and small quantities of petroleum and lignite in the Apennines.
 The country is poor in other minerals, except what are found
in the islands of Sardinia and Elba, where zine, lead, and iron are
mined, and smelted with imported coal.
Ttaly, especially the northern part, is advancing very rapidly as a
manufacturing country, due to the development of water power.
The chief industries are textiles—silk, cotton, wool, and flax. All but
the first are largely consumed at home, but that, together with raw
silk, makes up a large part of the exports.
Imports and exports.—In 1918 the imports were valued at
3,645,600,000 lire, and exports at 2,511,600,000 lire; imports being
thus nearly 60 per cent of the total value of the foreign commerce of
the country.!
The following table classifies the imports and exports of Italy
for the year 1913, and shows the percentage relation of the various
classifications to the total:

TABLE 11.—Imports and exports of Italy, by classes, 1913.2

Class.

Materials for industrial use:
Raw, .....coou- TT
Semifinished.... wy
Manufactured g00dS.....eeeuaeennnns
Foodstuffs and living animals...

Total

Imports.

Value
1,000 lire).

Per cent.

391, 459
699, 641
851,937
202. 802

38
10

or

0

Exports.

Value |
11.000 lira). Per cent.

360, 672
530, 444
798, (91
T62 43°

el
a

IN

4

Total.

Value
1.000 Lie). | Per cent.

,752,131
"290, 085
650, 023
465’ 034

28
21
27
24
100

6, 107,78

1 Movimento Commerciale del Regno d’ Italia. 1913, Vol. I. p. xxx vi.

The table shows that raw materials constituted the class of imports
of greatest value, with 88 per cent of the total, manufactured goods
standing next at 28 per cent. In exports manufactured goods constituted
 32 per cent of the total, foodstuffs and living animals 80 per
cent, and semifinished materials 24 per cent.

Movimento Commerciale del Regno d'Italia, 1918, Vol. I, p. xxxv.