210 REPORT ON COOPERATION IN AMERICAN EXPORT TRADE.

rolled structural shapes in Germany for further manufacture in
this country stated it was impossible to buy raw material from any
of the producers in Germany direct when the material was destined
for export shipment. Quotations were made by the Stahlwerksverband
 only and no quotation would be made unless the syndicate knew
the country for which the manufactured goods were ultimately intended,
 because, apparently, there were different prices for the different
 countries of ultimate destination.
The Stahlwerksverband is closely allied with other combinations
‘n the steel industry, dealers’ organizations, manufacturers’ associations,
 cartels in other industries, and competitors in foreign countries.
 These alliances are effected by means of agreements or contracts,
 interlocking directorates, and other ways that aid in controlling
 the domestic market and extending the foreign trade.
Some of the most important of the cartels and syndicates that are
grouped about the steel syndicate and more or less closely allied
with it through interlocking directorates, agreements, etc., are the
following :*
The Verein Deutscher Eisengiessereien (Union of German Tron
Foundries), including all Germany, which is important because about
18 to 20 per cent of the entire pig-iron production is used in casting.
There is also a radiator combination and a combination in temperedsteel
 castings closely allied with this union.
Verkaufsstelle fiir Verpackungsbandeisen G. m. b. H. (Central
Selling Agency for Iron Packing Bands (Ltd.)).
The Rohrenkonvention (Convention of Tube Manufacturers).
The Mannesmann-Réhrenwerke-Verkaufsgemeinschaft (Mannesmann
 Tube Works Selling Union), organized to supply the market
for seamless tubes.
Deutsche Abflussrohr-Verkaufsstelle (German Drainage Pipe
Selling Office), a central selling organization for the drainage-pipe
industry.
The Weissblechkontor (Tin Plate Office), which has no specified
quota of production and does not attempt to limit production, but
is organized to concentrate selling to meet English competition.
Deutscher Feinblechverband G. m. b. H. (German Light Sheets
Union (Litd.), reorganized in 1904 with the Stahlschwarzblechverpinigung
 (Black Sheet Steel Union), to take advantage of the export
bounty paid by the Stahlwerksverband.
The Walzdrahtverband (Rod Union) was organized in 1908 under
{he name of Drahtwalzwerke Aktien-Gesellschaft (Rod Rolling Mills
Co.). It has been reported recently that this syndicate has been
dissolved.

1 Pt. YI. pp. 5-8.