CONDITIONS IN PARTICULAR INDUSTRIES. 24H

goods; (6) cordage and twine and jute and linen goods; (7) shoddy;
(8) dyeing and finishing textiles. Textile manufactures in the
United States annually are valued at more than $1,800,000,000, of
which cotton goods represent $700,000,000, or about 39 per cent;
woolen, worsted, and felt goods, $432,000,000, or about 24 per cent;
hosiery and knit goods, $264,000,000, or about 15 per cent: silk and
silk goods, $254,000,000, or about 14 per cent.
While exports of textile manufactures from this country are large,
the trade is small in proportion to the quantity manufactured and in
comparison with the textile exports of Great Britain, Germany, and
France, which lead the world. In 1918 exports of textiles from the
United States were valued at less than $75,000,000, of which about
three-fourths were manufactures of cotton. But the textile exports
of Great Britain in that year were valued at $885,000,000, of Germany
 at $280,000,000, and of France at $280,000,000.%
The United States produces roughly 70 per cent of the world’s commercial
 supply of raw cotton and American mills consume about onefourth
 of the world’s total commercial production, or more than those
of any other country. In the year ending August 31, 1913, the mills
of the United States consumed 5,553,000 bales of American cotton.
The mills of the leading European countries used the following
amounts of American cotton, respectively: British, 8,281,569 bales;
German, 1,258,507 bales; French, 787,594 bales; Austrian, 626,704
bales; and Italian, 537,917 bales. British mills used a greater proportion
 of American cotton than those of any other foreign country
of large consumption. The mills of Russia and India are largely supplied
 by home production, and those of Japan by Indian cotton.?
Great Britain has a very much larger number of spindles at work
than any other country, but owing to the fineness of the yarn spun,
a smaller quantity of raw cotton is consumed than in the United
States. The estimated number of spindles at work in the chief
cotton manufacturing countries in the cotton year 1913 is shown
in the following table.
TABLE 17.—Cotton spindles at work in leading countries, August 31, 1918.
United Kingdom____ mmm 55,653,000
United States ..——-— ee 31,520,000
Germany .mee—ee—— 11,186,000
RUSSIA ome 9,213,000
France .—ceeem—mm———————- 7,400,000
British India. comm. 6,084,000
Austria-Hungary -ee-eeea—- 1,909,000
TAlY cme re em mmmme -,300,000
Japan ome 2,300,000

1 Monthly Summary of the Foreign Commerce of the United States, Dec. 1914; Trade
of the United Kingdom, 1914, vol. 1, p. 6; Statistik des Deutschen Reichs, Auswlirtiger
Handel, 1913; Annuaire Statistique (Paris), 1918, p. 1985.
2 International Federation of Master Cotton Spinners’ and Manufacturers’ Assocla-Hons—Statistics
 of Consumption of Cotton, 1913. Figures for the United States are
tor bales of 500 pounds; for other countries they are for actual bales.
3 Census Bulletin 117, Supply and Distribution of Cotton, 1913, p. 80.