)56 REPORT ON COOPERATION IN AMERICAN EXPORT TRADE.

middlemen and dealers.! Whereas in other industries the dealers
as a rule are controlled by the manufacturers, the very opposite is
the case in the textile industry. The absence of cohesion between
the producers and the dealers has become characteristic for the
textile industry and has at different times resulted in keen conflicts
between these two interests—for instance, in the case of the Cloth
Convention (Tuchkonvention).?
The very difficulties that beset the German textile industry have
saused the need and desirability of closer organization and centralization
 to become all the more cogent. In consequence numerous
strong organizations were formed, both trade associations for promoting
 the common interests in a general way and cartels of projucers
 and dealers.
TrADE AsSOCIATIONS.—Of the textile trade associations some of
the leading ones are the following: *® (1) “Verein der deutschen
Textilveredelungsindustrie,” Diisseldorf, with about 200 members;
(2) “Verband Deutscher Leinen-Industrieller-Bielefeld,” its membership
 includes several linen, hemp, and jute cartels; (3) “Verband
der Textil-Industriellen,” Chemnitz, with about 180 members; (4)
«Verband Schlesischer Textilindustrieller, E.-V.,” Breslau, with 114
members; (5) ‘‘Vogtlindisch-Erzgebirgischer Industrieverein zu
Plauen,” with 531 members; (6) ‘‘ Verein Siiddeutscher Baumwoll-Industrieller,”
 to which 107 firms belong; (7) *‘ Verband Deutscher
Baumwollgarn-Verbraucher”; (8) “Verband Deutscher Flachshindler,”
 Breslau, the chief aim of which is to promote the interests of the
German flax trade with Russia.
The *“ Handbuch’ of the Hansa-Bund for 1913 enumerates 74 trade
associations in the German textile industry. However, a number of
these are regular cartels and not mere trade associations.
CARTELS. —Most of the textile cartels regulate merely terms and
conditions of sale and prices. This is a significant characteristic
of the German textile industry, for here the evolution from loose
cartel agreements to the higher form of syndicate organization has
not ocourred as in other equally large and important industries.
Syndicates with common selling agencies are very rare.*
Spinning.—Of the numerous cartels existing in the spinning industry
 may be mentioned the ““Vereinigung Sachsischer Spinnereibesitzer,”’”
 Chemnitz, with 53 members. It combines nearly all of
the cotton-spinning, twine, and thread mills of Saxony. The “Ver.
einigung Elsiissischer Baumwollspinnereibesitzer,” Miilhausen, has ¢
membership of 23. It issues a weekly price schedule. The “ Verband

\ Kartell-Rundschan, 1914, p. 3.
1V. Stern, Die Kartelle in der Textil-und Bekleidungs- Industrie, Carlsruhe i. B., 1009, pp. 14, 16.
3 Handbuch wirtschaftlicher Vereine und Verbidnde des Deutschen Reichs, herausgeg. v. Hansa-Bund.
1913, p. 204 fol.
&amp; Kartall-Rundschan. 1000. p. 773.