398 REPORT ON COOPERATION IN AMERICAN EXPORT TRADE.
tion of the sales of coal and coal products and the regulation of
production and prices.*
The statutory organs of the syndicate and their chief functions
are: (1) The assembly of mine owners, which elects the other organs
and accepts or rejects the prices and quotas assigned to the different
mémbers. Each mine owner has one vote for every 10,000 tons of
coal of his quota. Each group of mine owners representing a quota
of 1,000,000 tons is entitled to appoint one member of the board of
directors. (2) The board of directors (Beirat). (8) The so-called
“ Commission C,” composed of eight members, which determines the
annual quotas of the members. No member of this commission has
any voice in decisions affecting any mine in which he is interested.
f4) A board of arbitration.
The combination concerns itself only with the limitation and the
sale of the output. The technical improvement, the relationship between
 the works and their employees and other internal affairs of
the mines, are left entirely to the individual members. A member
may cease working any opening he wishes or buy land and open new
mines.
Many of the mines are operated by iron and steel companies.
These companies agree not to use in their furnaces any coal or coke
not produced by members of the coal syndicate.
Propucrion.—The following table? compiled from the annual reports
 of the coal syndicate shows what proportion the production and
exports of bituminous coal by the coal syndicate bear to that of the
total production and exports of the German Empire for certain
years from 1893 to 1912:

Tare 27.—Production and exports of German Coal Syndicate for certain years,
18021619

Production of German Empire.... J.
EXPOTES. eve eereesnmnzmzmnsrasasensnznnon
Brg ption of Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syn-HOBO.
 +e evi ceceac mre anacteaasaiaa aa es
Exports of Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Svndi-0


RO

Short tons.
81,408,162
10, 667, 389
36,970,629 |

1003

Short tons.
128, 570,976
19,169,088
59,328, 680
9.049, 306

1011

Short tons.
177,193,164
' 38,638,191
85, 795, 755
1.921.224 902

1012
Short tons.
195,213, 498
144,744, 457
103. 4090. 885

1 Including coke, and briquets converted into terms of coal. Tn 1911 the exports of coal alane by the syniicate
 were 14,427,008 short tons.

1J. Flechtheim, Die rechtliche Organisation der Kartelle, 1912, pp. 18 and 18.
sR, Passow, Materialien fir 4d. Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Studium; Band 1.
Kartelle des Bergbaues, 1911, pp. 42, 48: and Part II, pp. 20-21.
1 J, Flechthelm, op. cit, bp. 14.
s Part II, p. 22. )
3J. Singer, Das Land der Monopole: Amerika oder Deutschland? (Berlin), 1913, p.
118. See also Pt. II, pp. 21 and 29, regarding the Transition Syndicate, effective Jan.
1, 1916, for a period of 1% years, which has practically consolidated the entire bituminous
goal production of Germany. The production of brown coal is not covered by the
Transition Syndicate. (See Pt. II. pp. 28 and 29.)