42 REPORT ON COOPERATION IN AMERICAN EXPORT TRADE.
The agreement between the Rhenish-Westphalian and the Middle-German
 Syndicate of 1904 was established on approximately the same
lines as those above described, except that sales and prices were otherwise
 regulated. As a basis the sales of both contracting parties
were regulated on the amount sold in the other’s district in the year
1903. The sales of the Middle-German in the Rhenish-Westphalian
territory was subtracted from the sales of the Rhenish-Westphalian
Syndicate in the Middle-German territory, and the remainder was
taken as a total, according to which the syndicate could participate
in sales made in the district of the Middle-German Selling Union,
which also looked after the sales made in this territory. On the other
hand, the Middle-German association could sell no cement in Rhenish-Westphalian
 territory. The average price for such sales as were permitted
 was the average price for the gear 1903 of the goods which
the Rhenish-Westphalian Syndicate sold in middle Germany.
A similar regulation of trade was reached between the Rhenish-Westphalian
 Syndicate and the South German Selling Agency. According
 to this agreement the Rhenish-Westphalian Syndicate accepted,
 on behalf of its companies, a definite participation figure,
which was to cover the total shipments of the syndicates into this
district. Beyond this neither union sold in the district of the other.
The South German Selling Agency received a vote on the board of
directors of the syndicate and a voting right in the general meeting,
in proportion to its quotas. The president of the syndicate has also
an advisory vote at the meetings of the board of directors of the
selling agency.
Approximately the same regulations we find in the agreement between
 the South German Selling Union and the Rhenish-Westphalian
 and the Belgian syndicates. Both German associations are
given a definite selling figure to the Belgian syndicate, which must
treat them exactly like its own members. For sales in Holland, which
has no cement production of its own, the three syndicates established
a trading company, called the United German-Belgian Cement
Works, which looked after the sales in this district on a definite percentage
 basis.
It is to be concluded from the above that the growth of the German
 cement industry and the development of the syndicates and
cartels within that industry and the agreement between these organizations
 can not be separated, because as a whole the organized development
 of cement manufacturers has not only caused them to
prosper at home but assisted in their sales abroad.
Foreign markets—In recent years the German cement industry
has not only been able to supply the local market, but has exported
considerable quantities to foreign countries. The only years that the
imports exceeded the exports were 1900 and 1901, when a crisis in
the local industry occurred. The German industry first met cometition
 in the Fa lish products, but finally drove them from the
Aan market. rein goods have found good selling districts
in Russia, Austria-Hungary, Switzerland, Belgium, Holland, the
Scandinavian countries, and in over-sea districts. |
Products—The present products are very much of the same form
and have become standardized. The standards were formulated by
the Union of German Portland Cement Manufacturers (Verband der
Portland Zement Fabrikanten) and have since been considerably