SPECIAL REPORTS FOR FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION, 67
immediately follow. These summaries are based upon information
obtained from private sources, consular reports, and liberal translations
 from * The Land of Monopolies: America or Germany?” (“ Das
Land der Monopole: Amerika oder Deutschland? ”), by J. Singer.
The plate-glass monopoly.—The Union of German Plate Glass
Manufacturers (Ltd.) eroin Deutscher Spiegelglas-Fabriken, G.
m. b. H.) was founded on October 1, 1894, for a period of five years.
The central place of business was located at Cologne. The original
organization agreement was extended in 1899 and 1904, respectively.
 On the latter date no time of termination was fixed. The
object of the union was to control the larger portion of polished
plate glass and raw glass produced in Germany. ~The union has laid
down special regulations for the various glass works which are its
members, prescribing the manner in which goods can be delivered for
inland consumption. If one of the works terminates its agreement
with the association, the syndicate is dissolved. The cartel covers
such a large part of German glass production that it is regarded as a
virtual monopoly. The seven members of this association (which
also produce other glass products) are as follows: Aktien-Gesellschaft
 der Spiegel-Manufakturen (St. Gobain, Chauny S. Cirey,
Paris; owners of the plate-glass factories at Stolberg near Aachen
and Waldhof near Mannheim) ; Deutsche Spiegelglas-Aktien-Gesellschaft,
 Klein-Freden (Hanover); Glas- und Spiegel-Manufaktur,
Schalke, Westphalia; Schlesische Spiegelglas-Manufaktur Karl
Tielsch, G. m. b. H., Ober-Salzbrunn; Herzogenrather Spiegelglasund
 Spiegelfabrik, Bischeroux, Lambotte &amp; Co.; Rheinische Spiegelglas-Fabrik,
 Eckamp; Société Anonyme des Glaceries “ Cer.
mania,” St. Roch, Province of Namur, France, and its branch factory,
 the. Spiegelglaswerke “ Germania,” A.-G., Porz-Urbach.
Fince 1904 an international convention of plate-glass factories has
existed which to date, with the exception of one factory in Belgium,
includes all the producers in Belgium, Germany, Austria, France,
and Italy. England and America do not enter into this agreement.
The association regulates the production of plate glass by limiting
the use of polishing machinery to a certain number of days. (See
the discussion of business holidays under No. 13 of the List of International
 Cartels.) The international convention has no influence
whatever on the management of the individual factories. The origial
 international agreement was to end in 1912, but at that time was
extended to August 19, 1924. At the time the latter extension was
made the Union Continentale Commerciale des Glaceries at Brussels
was established as the central selling agency for those countries
which did not have their own agencies. The agreement between
the international convention and the German cartel was also extended
until 1924. The annual sale of the seven factories comprising the
(German union amounts to 1,000,000 square meters (10,764,262 square
feet). The cost of production is $1.43 and the wholesale selling price
Sor $4.52 per square meter (10.76 feet). These figures are those
or 1912,
The Association of Window Glass Producers.—Window glass is
an important article of commerce, the use of which is an absolute
necessity in nearly all countries. The German window-glass produc.