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SPECIAL REPORTS FOR FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION, 69

vote is necessary. The principal executive body of the syndicate is
the directorate, which is composed of nine members. Without voting
power, the following companies belong to the directorate: Aktien-Gesellschaft
 der Gerresheimer Glashiittenwerke, vormals Ferdinand
Heye; Aktien-Gesellschaft fiir Glasindustrie, vormals Friedrich
Siemens, at Dresden; and H. Heye, Glasfabrik, at Schauenstein.
The other six members are chosen by the members’ assembly, from
which the three firms above mentioned are excluded. The Gerresheimer
 and Siemens companies, which took a prominent part in the
formation of the syndicate, are in themselves monopolistic undertakings.
 Besides bottles, the Gerresheimer works has produced rough
and wire glass since 1904, The Siemens factories also produce
other glass goods besides bottles. The Siemens interests are affiliated
with those of German and Austro-Hungarian manufacturers. The
associations of Germany and Austria-Hungary reached an agreement
(1907) concerning selling districts and prices.
The aniline color combinations—1In the chemical industry the various
 (Ferman manufacturers have united themselves in a semimonopolistic
 manner by combinations of several important manufacturers.
In the color industry three undertakings have reached considerable
prominence, and by the formation of agreements between these companies
 their influence was further strengthened. The three great
German companies are the Color Works, formerly Meister Lucius
% Briining, Hochst; the Color Factories, formerly Friedrich Bayer
&amp; Co., Elberfeld; and the Badische Anilin- &amp; Sodafabrik.” The
two latter companies formed an agreement, beginning January 1,
1905, lasting for 50 years, with the Aktien-Gesellschaft fiir Anilin-Fabrikation,
 Berlin. According to this agreement the consolidated
profits of the three institutions were to be divided as follows: The
Elberfeld and Badische Aniline Factories to receive 43 per cent each,
the Berlin Aniline Factory to receive 14 per cent. Beyond the scope
of this agreement the three companies were to remain entirely independent.
 About the same time as these three companies came together
 (in the fall of 1904), the Hochst Color Works formed
a community of interest with Leopold Cassella &amp; Co., G. m. b. H., the
duration of which was to be unlimited. This agreement was formed
principally in order to obtain raw materials, to regulate the method
of manufacture, and to assist in negotiating sales. Both undertakings
 arranged their affairs so that they would not operate in the
producing district of the other. In 1908 the Kalle Co. (Aktien-Gesellschaft),
 Biebrich, was drawn into this agreement.
The profits obtained by the agreements above mentioned are so
large that the combinations are generally regarded as a monopoly of
the most severe kind. The control of patents, organization, and capital
 have given these organizations much of their power. The meager
contents of business reports furnish little material to judge the extent
of concentration in this industry. From the report of the Badische
Anilinfabrik for 1911 it was very difficult to tell even to what
branch of industry this company belonged. Absolutely no material
was published concerning the methods by which satisfactory relations
 were maintained with other companies. The huge profits of
the color manufacturers speak for themselves. The dividends distributed
 in the last two decades by the companies above mentioned,
and two others of the same nature (1892-1911) were over 250 per