70 REPORT ON COOPERATION IN AMERICAN EXPORT TRADE.

cent.) The most remarkable fact in this industry is that these high
dividends go parallel with liberal terms of purchase. Several companies
 raised their capital stock in 1908. The new stock, with the
exception of 500,000 marks issued by the Berliner Anilinfabrik, was
immediately quoted at 105.
The Association of Linolewm Manufacturers—An association of
German linoleum factories was formed in the year 1910, to terminate
at the close of 1912. The object of this association (Verband der
deutschen Linoleumfabriken) was to fix prices and to arrange sales
in Germany. When the association was extended in 1913 its activit;
was enlarged. The association is composed of seven factories, which
together form an almost complete monopoly. The only outsider was
the newly established Continental Linoleum Co. The (German Linoleum
 &amp; Oilcloth Co. (Deutsche Linoleum- und Wachstuch- Compagnie)
 reports in April, 1912, that the competition of the Continental
 was so small that it could scarcely be felt and that, if it
became larger, the association would include it. A price convention
was arranged between the German association and the principal
foreign manufacturers to exist for an indeterminate length of time.
The Union of German Linoleum Dealers (Verband Deutscher Linoleumhindler)
 is affiliated with the association, and the two organizations
 together have established definite regulations by which outsiders
 are boycotted.
The Soda Trust—The German Solvay Works Stock Co. (Deutsche
Solvay-Werke, Aktien-Gesellschaft) at Bernburg is a powerful organization
 which controls the greater part of the German production
of soda. This company produces soda according to the ammoniac
and Solvay jrocess at the following places: Bernburg (Anhalt),
Wyhlen (Baden), Saaralben (Lorraine), Rheinberg (Rhine Province).
 Potash, rock salt, high and low grade coal, and other chemieals
are produced by this company besides soda. The German Solvay
Works is the head of the Soda Syndicate, which regulates the sales of
soda in Germany. The Syndicate of German Soda Factories has
existed since 1900. It has been extended to the end of the years 1905,
1910, and 1915, respectively. At the end of 1912 the Solvay Works
had a capital stock of 40,000,000 marks ($9,520,000), habilities
amounting to 10,000,000 marks ($2,380,000), and reserves to the value
of 33,280,000 marks ($7,920,600) as against $6,173,720 in 1910. The
reports of the company give but very little idea of its success, since
a comparison of the amount of dividends for the last 10 years is not
available from the published statements.
The aluminum and zine organizations.—Since the German aluminum
 and zinc companies were formed largely to arrange foreign sales
and for international purposes, the concentration movements in these
two industries will be discussed under international combinations.
The German glue combinations.—The Scheidemandel Co. (A.-G. fiir
chemische Produkte, vormals H. Scheidemandel, Berlin) operated on
January 1, 1918, 17 factories, which control the major part of the
production of glue and bone prodysis in Germany. The bone prodacts
 manufactured are used largely for fertilizing purposes. The
fats form the basis for the stearin and soap industries. According
to the prospectus published in June, 1910, the Scheidemandel Co., in

1 Singer. J.. “Das Land der Monopole: Amerika oder Deutschland?’ Berlin. F'
Niemenroth, 1913 (365 8.). See table on p. 211. erlin. Xranz