SPECIAL REPORTS FOR FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION. 71
its German business, consumed 6,000 German carloads of bones, or
about 60 per cent of the total German bone production. In Austria-Hungary
 the company worked up 8,300 carloads (German). The
importance of the Scheidemandel &amp;o, is evident from the report of its
general assembly of October 80, 1911. In this report the statement is
made that the company worked up, in Germany and abroad, 35,000
carloads of bones. On July 1, 1911, the Scheidemandel corporation
and its subsidiary companies negotiated an agreement, through its
purchasing agency, the “ Concernos,” with the Bone Dealers’ Association
 “ Rohag” (Vereinigung der Rohprodukten-Hindler “Rohag”),
 Berlin. The “ Rohag ” has united the largest part of the rawbone
 trade and furnishes most of the bones used by Scheidemandel.
Although Scheidemandel attempted to deny the monopolistic character
 of its organization in 1912, this denial is not generally credited.
The company claimed only to have attempted to hold a prominent
position on the German market. The Scheidemandel concern of Germany
 and Austria also operates in Belgium, France, Russia, and
other countries. Its influence is even felt in Argentina and Brazil.
In June, 1912, the Belgian company came under the control of
Scheidemandel, the latter concern acting as a holding company. The
vice president of the Belgian company was chosen as a representative
of the Liebig Extract of Meat Co., which, apparently, has an agreement
 with Scheidemandel concerning the utilization of bones.
The independent producers of glue in Germany have been absorbed
to such a degree by the Scheidemandel concern that it now controls
about 90 per cent of the trade.
The dynamite agreement.—The Nobel Dynamite Trust Co. (Ltd.),
which controls the Nobel company in Germany (Dynamit A.-G., vormals
 Alfred Nobel &amp; Co., Hamburg) and a number of other German
 ammunition factories, has formed an agreement for monopolistic
 purposes with the United Cologne-Rottweiler Powder Factories
 inn Ko&amp;ln-Rottweiler Pulverfabriken). The Rhenish-Westphalian
 Explosive Co. (Rheinisch-Westphilische Sprengstoff-
 A.-G.), with the two groups above mentioned, has formed a
general cartel. This very complicated syndicate controls the greatest
part of the German powder business (or rather did control the majority
 of this business, because it is understood that since the European
 war began the German companies have severed all ties with
their English connections).
Monopolistic tendencies in the German book trade—The house
which publishes any particular book has, in a sense, a monopoly
of the Pk in question. The publisher fixes the selling price and
grants rebates to large buyers. Such buyers can, in turn, give their
customers a rebate, the height of which is determined by the German
 Bookdealers’ Exchange (Borsenverein der Deutschen Buchhiindler).
 If the prices and rebates fixed by the Exchange are
not observed by any member in making sales to customers, then
the-union can prevent such a dealer from obtaining further books.
The German Government divides its publications among the prominent
 publishing houses. Certain numbers of such publications must
be furnished to the Government, but the remainder of these editions
can be sold at reasonable prices.
The rubber combination.—The Continental Caoutchouc &amp; Guttapercha
 Co. (Continental-Caoutchoue- und Gutta-Percha-Co.) is one of