EPECIAL REPORTS FOR FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION. 123

in its manufacture. The director general of La Papelera Espafiola
is Nicholas Maria de  Urgaiti; secretary, Gonzales Heredia; and
among the directors are Messrs. Gosilvez, Huici, Castafier, Urgoiti,
and Urquijo.” This company was organized in 1902, acquiring 10 of
the principal paper factories of the Kingdom, but apparently it has
amicable relations with other independent factories, because when
the orders received by this organization surpassed its own production
 they were filled by paper factories not belonging to the company.
In this way 921 metric tons of the paper La Papelera Espaiiola handled
 in 1914 was produced by independent factories. It is estimated
that this company handles about "20 per cent of the output of paper
in Spain.
American producers can compete with this organization along
many lines, for the reason that although there is a high protective
tariff in Spain on manufactured. paper, ranging from about $4 to
$10 per 100 pounds, Spain, nevertheless, imports approximately a
million dollars’ worth of paper annually, exporting something over
that amount.
Glass combination.—The Union Vidriera de Espafia is an anonymous
 society, organized in Barcelona in January, 1908. Its principal
 office is situated at Calle de Barbieri 1, Madrid, and another
office at Muntaner 18, Barcelona. Its president is Antonio Rodriguez
de Beraza; the vice president, Arturo Farrés; secretary, P. Ramén
Saez. The directors are Valentin de Céspedes y Céspedes, Enrique
de Pefialver y Zamora, Esteban Menguez Moreno, Leopoldo Juncosa
Juve, Mariano Tarrida y Casas, Enrique Camas y Mora, Juan
Clavell y Planas, Juan Jover y Alcober, Juan Giralt Laporta,
Antonio Alsina y Alsina, Wenceslao Torres y Xarlant, and Teresa
Mensa y Mestre.
This union manufactures and sells articles of crystal and glass
and all goods related thereto. It acquires all classes of factories,
stores, and warehouses that it may require, and it seeks the fusion
or syndication of all enterprises or associations engaged in the manufacture
 of glass in Spain. It controls the price of its products and
handles goods for the domestic market and export. It controls
from 88 to 90 per cent of all this class of goods in Spain, there being
only one independent concern of importance to compete with it.
Thus latter concern is the factory of Juan ‘Vilella, of Paseo San Juan,
Barcelona.
In competing with this combination American exporters will have
to consider the duty on glass, according to paragraph 30 of the
Spanish customs tariff referring to “colored glass, uncut, bottles,
flasks, ground, and syphons for aerated waters”; duty $5.79 per 100
kilograms (220.4 pounds); and paragraph 81, “glass, crystal and
half-crystal, without coloring, engraving, cutting or ornamentation
of any kind, in articles of all kinds not specially mentioned in other
numbers”; duty $7.72 per 100 kilograms. Other paragraphs refer to
many different kinds of glass, but the two cited refer to the classes
most likely to be demanded here although the import of these
articles is not extensive,
Sheet-iron and tin-plate syndicate—The Central A) rrp has
its principal office at Calle Serrano 25, Madrid, to which all orders
are sent and whence they are forwarded to the various factories
associated in the combination. This organization does not appar-