124 REPORT ON COOPERATION IN AMERICAN EXPORT TRADE.

ently Jpegate in foreign markets. Tt handles sheet iron and tin plate
and all important Spanish manufacturers of these products are
associated in the syndicate. As its prices are comparatively low.
foreign goods of the kinds handled cannot be successfully imported.
The terms of sale are usually three months’ credit, varying according
to the size of the order and the standing of the purchaser. This
syndicate having no particular competition to contend with has not
resorted to “ dumping.” It has not especial relation to the Government
 as a body and considers its statutes and reports as confidential.
 .
Syndicate of bleaching, dyeing, and finishing works.—The Asociacion
 de Blanqueadores, Aprestos y Tintoreos 1s a syndicate having
no central office, its board meeting being held at the office of any of
the principal members. It is composed of all the owners of bleaching,
dyeing, and finishing works who- are associated by having signed
certain articles before a notary. Each signer agreed, among other
things, to accept no orders from customers of any other member of
the syndicate. Each factory works separately on its own account,
while prices are regulated by the syndicate. This organization does
not operate in any foreign market. It handles about 90% of the
dyeing, finishing, and bleaching work of Catalonia, which is the
greatest textile-producing district of Spain and comprises the Provinces
 of Barcelona, Lerida, Gerona, and Tarragona. Each of the
syndicated works has its individual terms of payment, many of
them working on contracts with the textile factories. As they control
 nearly all the business in this line they have very little competition.
 In order to force into the syndicate the one competitor of
importance an attempt was made at working below cost, but it
roved unsuccessful. The results accomplished by this syndicate
Rave been satisfactory. It does not exclude any works of this class
and the only important concern, not a member of the syndicate, is
Bargall6 Mercader y Compaiia, Calle Roméns 1, Barcelona. This
firm handles about 10% of the bleaching, dyeing, and finishing of
Catalonia. The work of the Asociacién de Blanqueadores, Aprestos
y Tintoreos and Bargallé6 Mercader y Compaiiia is of such a nature
that does not permit of export and neither organization operates in
foreign countries.
Other syndicates.—The Sindicato Agricola “Alella Vinicola” has
its central office in Alella, with Barén de Ribelles as president; José
M. Barnadas, secretary; Domingo Molas, administrator. Its objects
are (1) the promotion of the most rational and economical methods
for turning grapes into wine, which may be carried on at any of the
syndicated wine presses, but under the inspection and direction of
oe syndicate; (2) the sale of this wine either directly or indirectly to
the consumer; (8) the sale of all the by-products of wine making;
(4) the purchase of machinery used in the wine trade; and (5) for
the construction of buildings when deemed advisable.
Sefior Aurelio Ras mentions in his “ Consideraciones sobre los
Sindicatos Capitalistas” that in recent years the Spanish industry in
screws has not been able to develop, as a consequence of a European
syndicate manufacturing this line of goods, whose members practiced
 “ dumping ” on this market on a vast scale. The metallurgical
industries have also been much hampered by the systematic sale of
foreign products below cost.