126 REPORT ON COOPERATION IN AMERICAN EXPORT TRADE.
A/B, Notsjoe Glasbruk A/B, Karhula O/Y, and Haniman Lasitehdas
 O/Y.
The selling office handles practically the entire output of the industry
 in Finland and markets the goods of the constituent firms
under a general trade-mark. The selling office sells as an ordinary
wholesaler to the various retail hardwaremen and glaziers.
The central selling office is managed by men chosen by the directors
of the individual firms. Its expenses are paid by the retention of a
certain per cent of the sales. The constituent members do not sell
independently of the central office.
American concerns can compete with this organization if they can
lay down the same class of goods in Finland at a lower price.
The Finland Metal Industry Office. The Finland Metal Industry
Office, Fabiansgatan 27, Helsingfors, founded in 1909, is a voluntary
 association®of 17 large foundries, machine manufacturers, tool
producers, and steel factories, which maintains a central selling
office. The following concerns are members of the organization:
Sandvickens Skeppsdocka och Mekaniska Verkstad A/B, Maskinoch
 Brobyggnads A/B, John Stenbergs Maskinfabriks A/B, Helsingfors
 Skeppsvarf och Mekaniska Verkstad, A/B Robert Huber,
A/B Gottfried Stromberg, Bjoerkboda Fabriks A/B, Vesijohtoliike
0/Y, Tammerfors Linne- och Jaern Manufaktur A/B, Tammerfors
Maskinfabrik, Abo Vaggonfabrik C. Wrede &amp; Co., A/B, Abo Jaernmanufaktur
 A/B, Tehtaat Lehtoniemi &amp; Taipale Fabriker, Fiskars
A/B, A/B Jakobstads Mekaniska Verkstad, Hoegfors Bruk A/B,
and Wattola Traesliperi.
The central office sells most of its goods in Finland but exports
some to Russia. All goods are sold with the trade-mark of the
individual producer on them. The central office controls more than
half of the total output of its kind in Finland, but its share in the
export of metal ‘manufactures.out of Finland 1s less than its thare
of the domestic trade. The central office sells as an ordinary wholesaler,
 merely asking that its retailers specialize more or less in the
goods of its constituent members.
{ts sales methods in Russia have nothing in particular to distinguish
 them from the methods of any other exporter. The sales are
made in the open wholesale market to individuals and to. permanent
or temporary agents who are often appointed for single large transactions.

The management of the central selling office is chosen by the directors
 of the association who are, in turn, elected annually by the
members of the association.
There are many large concerns in the same line, notably the very
targe Kotka Jaern Aktiebolag, which are not in the association and
work compete both in the Finnish and in the Russian, or export,
market.

American firms are in no way hindered from entering the Finnish
market by the existence of this association, and, in fact, can do a
business with the association itself in lines that the association does
not handle.
The Finnish Pulp Mill Union—The Finnish Pulp Mill Union,
Vaktornsgatan 10, Wiborg, founded in 1893, has a legal organization
as a selling office for most of the pulp mills in Finland and controls
the entire output of the 15 members, who are: Enso Traesliperi