SPECIAL REPORTS FOR FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION, 127

A/B, Haemekoski A/B, Ingerois Traesliperi, Tammerfors Linne
och Jaernmanufaktur A/B, Kannuskoski Aktiebolag, Kaltimon
Puuhiomo O/Y, Laeskelae Bruks A/B, G. A. Loenquist, Myllykoski
 Traesliperi A/B, Aktiebolaget Pankkakoski, A/B Hoegfors
Bruk &amp; Wattola Traesliperi, A/B Werla Traesliperi &amp; Papptabrik,
Aeaenekoski Aktiebolag, and O/Y Kovorinkoski Aktiebolag.
This union operates very extensively in Russia, maintaining permanent
 agents In many Russian cities and working in close cooperation
 with the Russian houses. It also maintains agents in Germany,
Holland, Belgium, Denmark, France, Spain, and England. Although
 no figures are at hand giving this company’s exports by countries
 of destination, its total annual export is around 20,000 tons of
wood pulp and 50,000 tons of mill boards. All goods are sold with
a double trade-mark—that of the individual producer and that of
the union, which is a single, standing pine tree.
The organization not only controls the entire output of all of its
members but also an enormous proportion of the output of Finland,
as a whole, in the lines of mechanical and sulphite pulpboard, both
white and brown, glazed and unglazed, mechanical pulp, and duplex
and triplex pulpboard, natural color and in colors.
The union is incorporated, with a capital of 14,000,000 Finnmarks
(about $2,800,000), but is not a stock company. Every director of
every constituent mill is a member of the managing committee, and
the closer management of the union is under an elected member of
the committee, who, however, can not be one of the members of the
committee and is thus quite impartial. The expenses are divided
annually, pro rata, among the mills.
As this industry is one of the basic industries of Finland, without
 which Finland’s general commercial life would have a very
different complexion, 1t is safe to say that no foreign organization
can dream of competing with it in its own market. The majority
of Finnish laborers are employed in the paper, pulp, and sawmiil
industries, and the industry is so well organized and managed and
the natural conditions, with the exception of sulphur, are so favorable
 that the Finnish mills compete on more than even terms with
the Russian mills in Russia, despite the tariff barrier.
The Finnish Match Union Company. —The Finnish Match Union
Company, Helsingfors, Alexandersgatan 13, founded in 1914, is
based on a mutual agreement or contract and includes six separate
factories. The bulk of the union’s goods are sold in Finland, but
some have been exported to Servia and England and extremely
small quantities to Russia.
The union sells matches with the trade-mark of the individual
factories on each box. The union controls the entire output of each
factory in its domestic trade, and in the export trade each factory
contributes an equal share of merchandise. The proportion of the
domestic production controlled is set at about eleven-fourteenths of
Finland’s entire product.
The managers of the union are chosen annually at the annual
meeting of the constituent firms or their representatives. '
The Finnish Paper Union—The Finnish Paper Union, Fabiansgatan
 16, Helsingfors, founded in 1892, is a central selling office,
selling for the account of each constituent member, and is a legally
organized stock company for the sale in Finland and Europe of