REPLIES TO CARD AND SCHEDULE INQUIRIES. 349
belief such organizations should be confined to noncompetitive concerns.
 On the other hand, 215 of the same class were in favor of
including competitive concerns also. About 85 per cent of the concerns:
 with sales or exports of less than $1,000,000 who express a
definite opinion voted in favor of including competitive lines.
On question 6 of the manufacturers’ schedule and 3 of the exporters’
 and merchants’ schedules as to the restraint or nonrestraint
of domestic trade, the same group of larger concerns mentioned above
were divided as follows: Sixty, or 18 per cent, thought that export
organizations of manufacturers or producers would be used to restrain
 trade in the domestic market; 82 per cent took the opposite
view. About 75 per cent of the concerns whose business amounted
to less than $1,000,000 thought restraint of domestic trade would not
follow. A total of 333 of all classes did not express a definite opinion
on this question.

[1. SUMMARY OF REPLIES TO SCHEDULES AND LETTERS, WITH
EXCERPTS.

A discussion of the replies to questions of the schedules permitting
 other than mere tabular treatment is presented in this section.
 Along with the excerpts from replies to schedules are given
axcerpts from letters received in connection therewith. The object
is to show specifically the opinions of American business and professional
 men on the various subjects of the inquiry and the competitive
conditions actually met by Americans in foreign trade. Excerpts
are given freely in order to indicate the varying character of the replies
 received.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF COOPERATION IN EXPORT
BUSINESS.

(Manufacturers’ schedule, question 3: other schedules, questions 4, 5, and 6.)
As viewed by manufacturers in their own business.

In order to ascertain the views of American manufacturers and
producers as to the advantages or disadvantages of participating in
some form of cooperation for foreign trade the following question
wae addressed to them

Do you think it would be an advantage or a disadvantage to you in your business
to participate in some form of combination or cooperative selling agency for
oxport trade. and whv?

Only 85, or 8 per cent of the total number reporting definitely,
were of the opinion that combination or cooperation would be to
their disadvantage. A large proportion of these are manufacturers
of specialties or high-grade goods, whose products demand more
individual attention than a common selling agency, they think, could
give. Their general view, as expressed in the replies, is that goods
which possess individuality, such as trade-marked goods, novelties,
specialties in certain lines of manufacture, etc., can not be handled
advantageously by a combination.