REPLIES TO CARD AND SCHEDULE INQUIRIES. 445
From a manufacturer of machinery:
Would suggest that if any such attempt were made by any of the members
of the organization * * * an effective method of stopping the practice
would probably be the exclusion of the offending member or members from
further membership in the organization and the summary dismissal of any of
the men actively in charge of the organization who assisted in any illegal
or unjust restraint of trade.
A professor in a New York university would prevent abuse—
* * * By punishing (by heavy fines) those who gained by the violations
and not the petty officers who are acting for directors.
From a professor of economics:

Expel from membership any one proved, to the satisfaction of the Federal
Trade Commission, to have used this as a means of restraining domestic trade.
Provide for fines and imprisonment for officers of companies so doing.
(4) Feperar 1NcorpORATION.—Federal incorporation of export
-ombinations, as a remedy for possible restraint of domestic trade, is
recommended strongly by some of those replying.
A manufacturer of pumps wrote:

There is just one cure for almost all of the corporate abuse, and that is
Federal incorporation. The writer is an officer of a large national bank, and
the trouble with those organizations is reduced to the minimum. Federal incorporation
 would have an advantage for the manufacturer, for the reason that
re could do business anywhere within the United States without the harassing
 interference of State foreign-corporation laws. There is undoubtedly a disposition
 on the part of citizens to comply more nearly with the known requirements
 of Federal laws than with State laws. Reports of corporations would be
made with more particularity.
A manufacturer of automobile spark plugs, stated that we should—
* * * (Get away from State incorporations and make a Federal incorporation
 act a fact. Your Commission seems eminently fitted to work this out.
A journalist wrote:

To remedy the possibility, would recommend an amendment to the Federal
Constitution compelling all trusts or combines to be created by Federal license,
ander reasonable restrictions.
A teacher of economics wrote:

The simplest and only efficient guard against the combinations being worked
in the domestic trade would seem to be incorporation under United States law
with a charter from our central Government which would subject the corpora-Hang
 to supervision. and loss of charter upon violation of its privileges.

(3) ApMINISTRATIVE FEDERAL SUPERVISION OR REGULATION.—A large
number of the replies on the question of preventing restraint of
domestic trade are to the effect that some form of Federal supervision
 or regulation will be necessary. These answers imply or
specify a permanent administrative body, such as the Federal Trade
Commission or some other Government agency.
General control.—Many would grant more or less general powers
of control to such body or commission.
A manufacturer of hosiery wrote:

I do not believe that such an organization, as outlined, would be used to restrain
 trade in the domestic market if under the supervision of the Federal
Trade Commission, which would have power to regulate any abuses that might
arise. By giving the Federal Trade Commission full authority and power over
such combination I believe all abuses would be overcome.