THE  CHINESE  EMPIRE

44
and  Chang  Chih-tung—governing  the  provinces  Kiangsu,
Anhwei,  Kiangsi,  Hupeh,  and  Hunan—succeeded  in  keeping
the  part  of  the  Empire  over  which  they  ruled  from  taking
part  in  the  mad  uprising  ;  and  an  agreement  was  made  by
them  with  the  various  Consuls  of  the  Western  powers,  by
which  they  promised  to  preserve  order  in  their  jurisdictions,
provided  the  military  operations  of  the  invading  forces
were  confined  to  the  north.  When  the  Boxer  movement
had  been  suppressed  there  followed  a  long  period  of  negotiations ­
  between  the  representatives  of  the  Chinese
Government  and  of  the  Western  powers.  The  Chinese
were  forced  to  yield  to  the  following  terms  :  (i)  China  was
to  erect  a  monument  to  the  memory  of  Baron  von  Kettlet,
the  German  Minister  who  had  been  murdered  in  the  streets
of  Peking  at  the  outbreak  of  hostilities,  and  to  send  an
Imperial  Prince  to  Germany  to  convey  the  Emperor's
apology  for  the  sad  occurrence  ;  (2)  The  death  penalty
was  to  be  meted  out  to  the  leaders  in  the  uprising,  and  to
the  officials  responsible  for  the  murder  of  the  foreigners  !
(3)  An  indemnity,  £67,500,000,  was  to  be  paid  in  annual
instalments  extending  over  forty  years  ;  (4)  The  Taku
Forts  were  to  be  demolished  ;  and  (5)  Permanent  garrisons
were  to  be  stationed  at  the  various  Legations  in  Peking»
and  on  the  route  to  the  sea.

Recent  Events
Since  the  Boxer  uprising  many  important  events  hav e
taken  place.  The  war  between  Russia  and  Japan,  although
strictly  speaking  not  an  event  in  Chinese  history,  has  been
one  in  which  China  was  deeply  concerned.  The  long'
pursued  policy  of  Russia  to  gain  absolute  control  °^
Manchuria  has  been  checked.  The  prowess  of  Japan»
displayed  on  the  battle-field,  at  the  siege  of  Port  Arthur
and  at  the  naval  engagement  of  the  Straits  of  Tsushima,
has  led  the  Chinese  to  look  with  respect  upon  Japan,  and
to  follow  her  example  in  introducing  reforms  into  her  own
army.