THE  GOVERNMENT

63

is  much  the  same,  and  the  duties  of  each  of  the  officials  will
now  be  described.
Tsung-tu,  commonly  called  Chihtai,  Governor-General,
ordinarily  styled  Viceroy,  though  there  is  nothing  in  the
office  or  its  title  of  the  viceregal  idea.  As  ex  officio  President ­
  of  a  Board,  he  styles  himself  and  is  addressed  as  Putang.
  He  is  the  highest  in  rank  of  the  civilian  officials  of
the  provincial  administration,  but  in  theory  ranks  after,
though  he  is  not  subordinated  to,  the  Tartar  General,  when
one  is  stationed  within  his  viceroyalty  ;  and  he  has  control
over  the  military  forces,  other  than  the  Manchu  garrison,
within  his  jurisdiction.  In  some  cases  he  is  actually  Governor, ­
  though  with  the  power  and  rank  of  Governor-General,
of  one  province  only  ;  in  others  he  has  jurisdiction  over  two
or  three  provinces,  each  of  which  has  (by  the  old  theory),
its  own  Governor  ;  and  still  other  provinces,  each  with  its
Governor,  are  subordinated  to  no  Governor-General.  The
distribution  is  shown  by  the  following  table,  in  which  “  ex~
Governor  ”  indicates  that  a  Governor  was  installed  up  to
1905,  in  which  year  an  Imperial  edict  abolished  the  Governorship ­
  of  those  provinces  in  which  a  Viceroy  had  his  seat.
Metropolitan  Province  :—
Chihli  ..  no  Governor  Chihli  (Tientsin)

Viceroy.

Three  adjoining  Provinces  :—

Shantung  ..  Governor
Shansi  ..  Governor

J

under  no  Viceroy. ­


Honan  ..  Governor
Outlying  Provinces  :—

Kiangsu  ..  Governor*

Governor*
Governor
Governor
Governor

Shensi  ..  Governor  )  Shen-Kan  Vic
Kansu  ..  no  Governor  J  roy.
*  Not  abolished,  because  the  provincial  capital,  seat  of  1
Governor,  is  Soochow,  while  the  Viceregal  residence  is  Nanking.

Anhwei
Kiangsi
Shensi
Kansu

roy.
capital,  seat  of  the

Viceroy.
Shen-Kan  Vice-