THE  GOVERNMENT  77
official  army,  constituting  the  provincial  militia,  is  designated
the  Army  of  the  Green  Standard,  and  in  the  coast  and
riverine  provinces  is  divided  into  land  and  water  forces.
The  greater  part  constitutes  the  Ti-piao  or  Commander-in-Chief’s
  force,  being  under  his  direct  command  ;  a  small
body  constitutes  the  Fu-piao,  or  Governor’s  command  ;
and,  where  there  is  a  Governor-General,  there  is  also  a
Viceroy’s  command,  Tu-piao.  The  army  divisions  are
territorial,  the  province  being  the  highest  unit.  The
provincial  Commander-in-Chief  is  the  Titu,  commonly
styled  Titai  and  addressed  as  Kimmen  (“  Gate  to  the
Camp  ”).  The  forces  under  his  command  are  divided
into  brigades,  chen-piao,  under  the  command  of  a  Brigadier,
Tsungping,  commonly  styled  Chentai.  The  brigades  are
divided  into  territorial  regiments,  hieh,  under  a  Colonel,
Futsiang,  commonly  styled  Hiehtai  ;  and  these  again  into
battalions,  ying  (or  “  camps  ”).  Under  the  Hiehtai  are
Lieutenant-Colonel  (Tsantsiang),  Major  (Yuki),  Senior
Captain  (Tusze),  Junior  Captain  (Showpei),  Lieutenant
(Tsientsung),  Sergeant  (Patsung).  The  official  hierarchy
of  this  army  exists  solely  for  the  purpose  of  personal  profit
and  self-maintenance,  the  last  thing  they  desire  being  to
lead  their  brave  followers  into  action,  even  against  an
unarmed  mob  ;  while  the  rank  and  file  exist  mainly  on
paper,  but  partly  in  the  shape  of  gaudy  uniforms  to  be
filled,  for  inspection  purposes,  by  temporary  recruits  enlisted ­
  for  the  day.  Only  at  some  places,  such  as  the  Kwangsi-Tonkin
  frontier,  the  provincial  Commander-in-Chief  is
associated  in  the  command  of  effective  troops,  outside  his
own  official  organisation,  for  the  preservation  of  peace
and  order  and  the  protection  of  his  district.
The  effective  army  is  entirely,  except  for  the  possible
intervention  of  the  Titai  alone,  outside  the  official  military
organisation  of  the  Empire  or  of  the  province.  In  this  too
the  unit  is  the  province,  and  the  effective  armed  forces  of
the  provinces  are  under  the  direct  command  of  the  civil
authority,  the  Viceroys  and  Governors,  who  themselves
lead  them  in  chief  for  the  suppression  of  serious  rebellion.