CHAPTER  VII

EXTRATERRITORIALITY
The  privilege  of  extraterritoriality  was  thirty  years  ago,
and  even  less,  more  commonly  referred  to  as  exterritoriality.
Of  these  terms  Mr.  Piggott  *  says  :—
“The  words  *  exterritoriality  ’  and  *  extraterritoriality ­
  ’  are  treated  by  some  writers  as  identical  ;  by
others  as  indicating,  the  first  the  privilege  of  Ambassadors ­
  and  their  suites,  the  second  the  Treaty
privilege  under  which  Consular  jurisdiction  has  been
established  in  the  East.  Both  these  privileges  are,
however,  more  correctly  described  as  *  exterritorial  '  ;
the  condition  of  those  to  whom  they  are  accorded  as
*  exterritoriality.’  On  the  other  hand  the  government
of  the  privileged  persons  by  their  own  authorities  from
home  is  ‘  extraterritorial.’  ’’
Notwithstanding  this  dictum  the  orotund  forms
extraterritorial-ity-ised  have  prevailed  and  are  now  applied
to  governors  and  governed  alike.  This  chapter  is  intended
to  explain  how  the  exceptional  privilege  originated,  and  the
manner  of  its  working.
In  the  earliest  times  the  traveller  was  protected  by  no
law  ;  the  Tyrian  voyager  along  the  coasts  of  the  Mediterranean ­
  secured  only  such  rights  as  he  could  buy  or  enforce,
but  he  neither  carried  with  him  his  own  law  nor  was  he
entitled  to  claim  the  protection  of  the  law  of  those  among
whom  he  sojourned.  With  the  extension  of  the  Roman  dominion ­
  the  pax  Romana  spread,  and  every  citizen  travelling
was  under  the  ægis  of  the  jus  Romanum  ;  the  principle
*  "  Exterritoriality,"  by  F,  T.  Piggott,  1892.