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EXTRATERRITORIALITY  193
faisance  qui  ont  été  confisqués  aux  Chrétiens  pendant
les  persécutions  dont  ils  ont  été  les  victimes  seront
rendus  à  leurs  propriétaires  par  l’entremise  du  Ministre
de  France  en  Chine,  auquel  le  Gouvernement  Impérial
les  fera  délivrer  avec  les  cimetières  et  les  autres  édifices
qui  en  dépendaient.”
To  the  Chinese,  but  not  to  the  French,  text  of  this  article
was  added,  surreptitiously  as  the  Chinese  Government  has
always  declared,  the  following  clause  :—
“  And  it  shall  be  lawful  for  French  missionaries  in
any  of  the  provinces  to  lease  or  buy  land  and  build
houses.”
As  cognate  to  the  same  subject,  it  will  be  well  to  give
here  for  reference  the  much  debated  wording  of  Article  XII.
of  the  British  treaty  of  1858  :—
“  British  subjects,  whether  at  the  Ports  or  at  other
places,  desiring  to  build  or  open  Houses,  Warehouses,
Churches,  Hospitals,  or  Burial-grounds,  shall  make
their  agreement  for  the  land  or  buildings  they  require,
at  the  rates  prevailing  among  the  people,  equitably  and
without  exaction  on  either  side.”
I  here  are  two  points  which  have  been  raised  in  connection ­
  with  missionary  work  under  the  treaties—the  right  of
residence  in  the  interior,  and  the  protection  to  be  accorded
to  converts.
The  right  of  residence  in  the  interior  depends  upon  the
application  to  a  pre-existing  practice  of  a  liberal  interpretation ­
  of  the  treaty  provisions  given  above.  When  the  Roman
Catholic  missionaries  entered  on  the  mission  field  in  the
sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries,  there  were  no  treaty
ports,  and,  except  later  at  Canton,  no  place  at  which
oreigneis  were  privileged  to  reside,  and  they  spread  over
t  îe  Empire  wherever  they  found  a  centre  suitable  for  their
Propaganda.  When  the  Emperor  Kanghi,  confronted  by
, ie  ^fallible  decision  of  the  Pope,  contrary  to  his  own,  on
îecoirect  rendering  into  Chinese  of  the  name  of  the  Deity,
ecreed  the  exclusion  from  his  dominions  of  this  alien  power,
e  Peremptorily  expelled  all  teachers  of  the  gospel  and