2#  THE  CHINESE  EMPIRE

pang,”  the  French  Government  having  refused  to  surrender
its  jurisdiction  over  the  so-called  “  Concession  Française.
In  1899  these  various  settlements  were  extended,  and  the
authority  of  the  Municipal  Council  of  the  “  International
Settlement,”  as  it  is  called  for  short,  now  extends  over
5,584  acres,  while  the  present  area  of  the  "  Concession
Française  ”  is  358  acres.  The  resident  population  of  the
International  Settlement  at  different  periods  and  of  the
whole  of  Shanghai  and  district  for  1905  was  as  follows

British  ..
American
French  ..
German
Japanese
Portuguese
Russian
Austro-Hungarian
Italian
Spanish
Danish  ..
Other  foreign  ..

Total

Chinese

1880.

1,061
230
41
159
168
285
3
31
76
32

1885.

2,197

107,812

1,511
27 6 4 6
2x6
595
457
5
44
31
232
51
'  191

1890.

3,673

125,665

1,663
323
114
244
386
564
7
38
22
229
Ü 9
162

3,821

168,129

1895.

2,055
328
138
314
250
7 a
83
*8
478

1900.

4,684

240,995

2,987
562
176
5:5
736
978
is
III
76
433

6,774

345,276

1905

All

Int.

Sliai

Sett.

4,5»'

4,281

I,Ol2

99I

925

393

860

785

4,33*

2,i57

2,035

i,33i

414

354

i63

158

155

148

146

I3 1

823

692

650,000

n,497

452,7x6

The  resident  population  under  the  French  Municipality
in  1905  was  831  foreigners  (including  274  French,  i°9
British,  47  German,  73  Japanese)  and  84,792  Chinese.  Ey
whatever  name  they  are  called,  and  whatever  the  minor  dit'
ferences  in  their  form  of  government,  the  several  “  reserve
areas  ”  at  Shanghai,  whether  British,  French,  American,  ° r
International,  are  not  concessions  such  as  exist  at  Tientsin
Hankow,  and  Canton,  where  a  grant  has  been  made  by  a
lease  in  perpetuity  from  the  Government  of  China  to  the
foreign  power,  and  where  the  “  land-renter  ”  holds  under
a  title-deed  issued  by  the  foreign  lessee  power,  and  regi s
tered  only  at  the  Consulate  of  that  power.  They  &amp;rc
"  Settlements,”  reserved  areas  within  which  foreigners  a#
permitted  to  acquire  land,  in  which  Chinese  may  contint
to  hold  land,  in  which  foreigners  acquire  land  by  direct
negotiation  with  the  original  owners—for  such  land  a  bid