248  THE  CHINESE  EMPIRE

tary  opening  in  1899.  The  port  is  shut  off  by  mountains
from  all  except  a  small  distributing  area,  and  the  opening
has  produced  but  small  effect  on  trade,  the  only  visible
result  being  that  a  quantity  of  tea,  which  formerly  was
carried  by  porters  over  the  mountains  to  Foochow,  now
originates  in  Santuao,  is  shipped  to  Foochow  for  its  old
market,  and  is  re-exported  thence.  In  1904  the  imports
by  steamer  were  valued  at  Tls.53,723  ;  to  exports,  tea
(110,772  piculs)  contributed  Tls.1,936,000,  and  all  other
goods  Tls.5,359.

■toochow  (25 0  59'  N.,  119°  27'  E.),  the  "  City  of  Happiness, ­
  the  provincial  capital,  has  a  population  estimated
at  625,000.  It  is  situated  on  the  Min  River  at  a  distance
of  thirty-four  miles  from  the  sea,  and  nine  miles  above
Pagoda  Anchorage,  the  highest  point  reached  by  steamers.
At  Pagoda  is  the  Foochow  Arsenal,  a  government  dock  and
ship-building  yard,  partly  destroyed  by  the  French  in  1884-Foochow
  was  opened  as  a  treaty  port  under  the  British
treaty  of  1842,  but  nothing  was  done  to  develop  its  trade
until  ten  years  later,  when  traders  went  there  to  secure
the  teas  of  Fukien,  Kiangsi,  and  Anhwei,  coming  over  the
mountains  to  the  port  ;  even  after  the  opening  of  the
angtze  ports  in  1861,  tea  continued  to  go  to  Foochow
rom  the  southern  part  of  Anhwei.  Foochow  was  opened
efore  the  period  of  residential  concessions  (1861),  nor  has
it  a  settlement  such  as  those  at  Shanghai,  opened  under
e  same  treaty.  The  residential  quarter  is  on  the  south
si  e  o  the  river,  opposite  the  city,  and  its  municipal  organi-T|i
 0n  is  of  the  inchoate  form  described  under  Chef00.
Rat  ^ eS ]  * ore ^&gt; n  population  of  the  district  in  1905  was
’  ! nC  U  . m &amp;  I 94  British,  163  American,  and  349  Japanesein+
  °  ^  1S  an  * nstance  °f  a  port  which,  as  far  as  foreign
eres  s  are  concerned,  is  decadent  ;  it  depended  mainly
°r^ e  m  ustr y&gt;  tea,  and,  with  a  diminishing  tea  trade,
prosperity  has  departed.  In  the  following
z
£  9°4  reshipments  of  tea  received  from  Santuao.