276  THE  CHINESE  EMPIRE
II.  Neither  women,  guns,  spears,  nor  arms  of  any  kind
can  be  brought  to  the  factories.
III.  All  river  pilots  and  ships’  compradors  *  must  be
registered  at  the  office  of  the  Chinese  magistrate  at  Macao,
who  will  furnish  each  with  a  license  or  badge  which  must
be  worn  at  the  waist.  No  boatmen  or  other  people  must
hold  communication  with  foreign  ships  unless  under  the
immediate  control  of  the  ship’s  comprador,  and  the  latter
will  be  punished  if  any  smuggling  occurs  on  the  ship  to
which  he  is  attached.
IV.  Each  factory  is  restricted  to  employ  eight  Chinese
(their  functions  enumerated).
V.  Foreigners  are  prohibited  from  going  on  the  river
at  their  own  will.  By  a  relaxation  made  in  1819,  they  were
allowed  on  the  8th,  18th,  and  28th  of  each  month  to  go  to
the  Flower  Gardens  (about  a  mile  away),  but  not  in  droves
of  over  ten.  If  they  stayed  out  overnight,  their  exeat
would  be  refused  for  the  next  holiday.  They  must  always
be  accompanied  by  a  “  linguist,”  and  he  is  punished  for
any  breach  of  rule.
VI.  Foreigners  are  not  allowed  to  address  the  officials
directly  ;  if  they  have  any  representation  to  make,  it  must
be  done  through  the  Hong  merchants.
VII.  Hong  merchants  are  not  to  owe  money  to
foreigners.  Smuggling  goods  to  and  from  the  city  is
prohibited.
VIII.  Foreign  ships  arriving  with  merchandise  must
not  loiter  about  outside  the  river  ;  they  must  come  direct
to  Whampoa  and  must  not  engage  in  clandestine  trade
elsewhere.
I  hese  and  others  of  the  older  regulations  remained  m
full  force  up  to  the  very  last  of  the  factory  days.  In  1830,
for  example,  no  less  than  three  ladies,  wives  of  some  of
the  staff  of  the  E.I.C.  factory,  ventured  to  come  from
Macao  to  Canton,  where  their  arrival  caused  great  com'
motion  ;  they  left  after  a  few  days,  but  not  until  the
officials  threatened  to  stop  all  trade  !  By  this  system
*  Ship  chandlers.